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STREET FOOD, FAMOUS TURKISH DESSERT LOKMA, ISTANBUL STREET FOOD, USKUDAR, TURKISH STREET FOOD, Lokma are pastries made of leavened and deep fried dough, soaked in syrup or honey, sometimes coated with cinnamon or other ingredients. The dish was described as early as the 13th century by al-Baghdadi as luqmat al-qādi (لقمة القاضي), "judge's morsels.

The Arabic word luqma (لقمة‎) (plural luqmāt), means morsel, mouthful, or bite.[5][6] The dish was known as luqmat al-qādi (لقمة القاضي) or "judge's morsels" in 13th century Arabic cookery books,[2] and the word luqma or loqma by itself has come to refer to it.[5] The Turkish name for the dish, lokma, is derived from the Arabic,[6] as is the Greek name loukoumádes.[2]

History

Greek loukmades served at a pub in Melbourne, Australia
The earliest pastry known from ancient Greek literature are "honey tokens". According to the Callimachus , they were given as small gifts (charisioi) to the victors of the Olympic games.[7]

It was cooked by palace cooks in the Ottoman Empire for centuries and influenced by other countries cuisines of the former countries of the Ottoman Empire in the Balkans, Middle East and the Caucasus.[citation needed]

Preparation

Turkish lokma Izmir, Turkey
The thick and smooth yeast batter rises and has a very soft and foamy consistency. The batter is usually dropped into hot oil and fried to a golden brown color, but some are doughnut-shaped. Lokma are served with honey and, occasionally, cinnamon.[8]

Traditionally, the batter was leavened with yeast but modern variations sometimes use baking powder.[9]

Regional varieties
Arab countries
Today, in Iraq it is called lokma or luqaymat and they differ both in size and taste across the country. While in Arab countries of the Persian Gulf, luqaymat, sometimes spiced with cardamom or saffron, are little changed from the 13th-century recipes.[4] In parts of the Middle East they may also be called awameh (عوامة‎) meaning "swimmer", or zalabya (زلابيا‎), with numerous spelling variations, though the latter term may also refer to a similar dish made in a long spiral or straight baton shape.[10][11][12] They are traditionally included in times of religious observances; for example in the Levant by Muslims at Ramadan, Jews at Hanukkah, and Christians at Epiphany alike.[10][12][9]

Cyprus

Lokma sold at a pastry shop in Northern Cyprus
Lokma are called loukoumádes (λουκουμάδες) and lokmádes (λοκμάδες) in Cypriot Greek. They are commonly served spiced with cinnamon in a honey syrup and can be sprinkled lightly with powdered sugar.

Greece
They are also called zvingoi (σβίγγοι) by the Greek Jews, who make them as Hanukkah treats.[13][14] The term, from the Arabic for "sponge", was likely originally the name of an older Byzantine pastry, and was later used by the Romaniotes as the name for loukoumas.[14]

Some say it was brought to Greece by the Pontic Greeks who migrated from Anatolia during the Lausanne Conference. They call it tsirichta.[15]Tsirichta are served at Pontian weddings.[16][17]

Turkey

Lokma sold a street food near the Galata Bridge in Istanbul
There are different types of lokma in Turkey. Dessert lokma are made with flour, sugar, yeast and salt, fried in oil and later bathed in syrup or honey. In some regions of Turkey lokma are eaten with cheese, similar to breakfast bagels.[18][19] İzmir lokması are doughnut shaped with a hole in the middle. The spherical one is called the Palace Lokma (Turkish: Saray lokması).[citation needed] In the Güdül-Ayaş regions of Ankara, there is a type of lokma known as bırtlak.[20]

Traditionally, forty days after someone passes away, close relatives and friends of the deceased cook large quantities of lokma for neighbours and passersby. People form queues to get a plate and recite a prayer for the soul of the deceased after eating the lokma.

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