Abdominal compartment syndrome

This is a flowchart on abdominal compartment syndrome, covering the etiology, pathophysiology, and manifestations.

ADDITIONAL TAGS:
Normal IAP: 12 mmHg
Risk factors / SDOH
Cell / tissue damage
Structural factors
Abdominal compartment syndrome
Medicine / iatrogenic
Infectious / microbial
Biochem / metabolic
Immunology / inflammation
Signs / symptoms
Tests / imaging / labs
Neurological pathology
Genetic / hereditary
Flow physiology
Pathophysiology
Etiology
Manifestations
↑ intraabdominal pressure (IAP) 15-20 mmHg
Elevation of diaphragm
Compression of IVC
↓ venous return
↓ cardiac output
Renal vasoconstriction
Impaired venous drainage
↑ RAAS
↓ GFR
↓ urine output
Compression of GI veins
Mucosal edema
Intestinal ischemia
Intestinal hypoperfusion
Mucosal injury
Bacteremia → sepsis
Impairs ventilation
↑ intrathoracic pressure
↓ pulmonary volume
↑ peak airway pressures
Tachypnea
Wheezing
↑ intracranial pressure
Hypotension
Tachycardia
Tight distended abdomen
Nausea, vomiting
Progressive renail failure
Oliguria
↑ central venous pressure
Lower extremity edema
Positional headache
Confusion
Altered mental status
Papilledema
↓ abdominal wall compliance
Visceral edema
↑ luminal contents
↑ abdominal contents
Cushing triad
Wide pulse pressure
Bradycardia
Irregular breathing
Abdominal surgery
Major burns
Prone positioning
Abdominal or pelvic trauma
Mechanical ventilation
Morbid obesity
Sepsis
Massive volume resuscitation
Post/intraoperative
Hypovolemic shock
Gastroparesis
Paralytic ileus
Mechanical bowel obstruction
Acute pancreatitis
Intrabd tumor/abscess
Massive ascites
Hemoperitoneum
Pneumoperitoneum
Peritoneal dialysis
S/p organ transplant
Urinary bladder pressure measurement: indirect measurement of IAP
CT scan: elevated diaphragm, ↑ abdominal diameter, compression of the inferior vena cava, and intestinal wall thickening
Pulmonary
Cardiac
Renal
Gastrointestinal CNS