Скачать или смотреть Upsc video 19 :Democracy and all its component within 28 minutes

Democracy: Meaning, Evolution, Models, Critiques & Contemporary Challenges

Total Duration: 28 Minutes

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⏱️ 0:00 – 2:30 | Introduction: Why Democracy Matters
• Democracy as a cornerstone of modern political legitimacy
• Lincoln’s definition vs lived reality
“Government of the people, by the people, for the people”
• Democracy not merely a form of government, but a way of life
• Relevance in the 21st century: protests, elections, digital participation

Hook line:

Democracy survives not because it is perfect, but because it is corrigible.

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⏱️ 2:30 – 6:00 | Meaning and Core Principles of Democracy

Core Elements:
• Popular sovereignty
• Political equality
• Consent of the governed
• Rule of law
• Accountability

Scholars:
• Abraham Lincoln – moral definition
• Dicey – political equality & rule of law
• David Held – democracy as a cluster of arrangements

👉 Democracy is both procedural and substantive

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⏱️ 6:00 – 10:00 | Classical Theory of Democracy

Greek Origins:
• Athenian Direct Democracy
• Exclusion of women, slaves → democratic but not egalitarian

Thinkers:
• Aristotle: democracy as rule of the poor
• Rousseau: General Will, direct participation
• Democracy = moral self-rule

⚠️ Limitation:
• Works only in small, homogeneous societies

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⏱️ 10:00 – 14:00 | Liberal / Representative Democracy

Emergence:
• Industrialization, large nation-states

Features:
• Elections
• Political parties
• Separation of powers
• Civil liberties

Scholars:
• John Locke – consent & limited government
• J.S. Mill – representative institutions + education
• Madison – filtration of public opinion

👉 Democracy becomes institutional, not emotional

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⏱️ 14:00 – 18:00 | Contemporary Theories of Democracy

1. Elite Democracy
• Joseph Schumpeter
• Democracy = method of choosing leaders
• Citizens as voters, not rulers

“The people never rule; they merely choose who will rule.”

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2. Pluralist Democracy
• Robert Dahl
• Multiple groups compete → no monopoly of power
• Polyarchy: participation + contestation

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3. Participatory Democracy
• Carole Pateman
• Participation builds democratic citizens
• Decentralisation, grassroots governance

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4. Deliberative Democracy
• Habermas
• Reasoned debate, public discourse
• Legitimacy through communication