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Who was Zeno of Citium, the mysterious founder of Stoicism? Explore the life, philosophy, and legacy of the thinker who inspired emperors, slaves, and millions across history. Discover how his timeless wisdom on virtue, reason, and resilience still resonates today.

Advanced vocabulary

1. Stoicism – A philosophy teaching self-control, rationality, and endurance of suffering – तपस्यावाद / स्थिरता का दर्शन
2. Philosopher – A person who seeks wisdom and knowledge about life, existence, and ethics – दार्शनिक
3. Resurgence – Revival, increase after a period of decline – पुनरुत्थान / पुनरावृत्ति
4. Lingua franca – A common language used by speakers of different languages – सामान्य भाषा / संचार भाषा
5. Ascetic – A person who practices strict self-discipline, often for spiritual reasons – तपस्वी / संयमी
6. Cynic – A member of a philosophical school emphasizing virtue and rejecting conventional desires – निंदक / निराशावादी दार्शनिक
7. Agora – A public open space used for assemblies and markets in ancient Greece – प्राचीन यूनानी सभा स्थल / बाजार
8. Colonnade – A row of columns supporting a roof – स्तंभमंडित मार्ग / कॉलोनेड
9. Logos – Universal reason or rational principle governing the cosmos – तर्क / ब्रह्माण्ड का तर्क
10. Virtue – Moral excellence; behavior showing high moral standards – गुण / नैतिक श्रेष्ठता
11. Quasi – Partly, seemingly, or almost – आंशिक / लगभग
12. Nemesis – A long-standing rival or source of downfall – विरोधी / प्रतिद्वंदी
13. Flux – Continuous change, movement, or instability – परिवर्तन / प्रवाह
14. Shamelessness – Lack of shame or modesty, especially in Cynic philosophy – लज्जारहित / निर्लज्जता
15. Maritime – Related to the sea or navigation – समुद्री / नौसैनिक
16. Bilingual – Able to speak two languages fluently – द्विभाषी
17. Fragment – A small part or piece of a whole – अंश / टुकड़ा
18. Resignation – Acceptance of something undesirable but inevitable – आत्मसमर्पण / स्वीकार्यता
19. Systematize – Arrange according to a system or structure – व्यवस्थित करना / प्रणालीबद्ध करना
20. Endurance – Ability to withstand hardship or stress – सहनशीलता / धैर्य
21. Ancient – Very old; belonging to the distant past – प्राचीन
22. Nemesis – An agent of retribution or long-term rival – प्रतिशोध / विरोधी
23. Philosopher-King – A ruler guided by wisdom and virtue – दार्शनिक राजा
24. Morality – Principles concerning right and wrong behavior – नैतिकता / आचार
25. Rationality – Quality of being based on or in accordance with reason – तार्किकता / बुद्धिमत्ता
26. Cosmopolitan – Familiar with and at ease in many different countries and cultures – विश्वनगरीय / वैश्विक
27. Pragmatism – Practical approach to problems and affairs – व्यावहारिक दृष्टिकोण
28. Ethical – Relating to moral principles – नैतिक / आचारिक
29. Stoic – A person who can endure pain or hardship without showing feelings – स्थिर / धैर्यशील
30. Doctrine – A belief or set of beliefs held and taught – सिद्धांत / मत
31. Philosophical – Relating to the study of fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence – दार्शनिक / तात्त्विक
32. Cosmology – Study of the universe and its origins – ब्रह्माण्डशास्त्र / विश्वविज्ञान
33. Humanism – Emphasis on human values and concerns – मानवतावाद / मानवकेंद्रित दृष्टिकोण
34. Virtuous – Having high moral standards – सदाचारी / नैतिक
35. Enlightenment – Intellectual or spiritual awareness – ज्ञानोदय / प्रबोधन
36. Legacy – Something handed down from the past – विरासत / धरोहर
37. Philosophy – Study of fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, and ethics – दर्शन / तात्त्विक अध्ययन
38. Contemplation – Deep reflective thought – ध्यान / विचार
39. Impermanence – The state of being temporary or transitory – अस्थायित्व / क्षणिकता
40. Rational – Based on reason rather than emotion – तर्कसंगत / बुद्धिपरक
41. Self-discipline – Control over one’s own behavior and actions – आत्म-अनुशासन / स्वनियंत्रण
42. Serenity – The state of being calm, peaceful, and untroubled – शांति / स्थिरता
43. Philosophical Inquiry – Systematic questioning about fundamental truths – दार्शनिक अनुसंधान / चिंतन
44. Pedagogue – Teacher or educator – शिक्षक / गुरु
45. Ideology – A system of ideas and ideals – विचारधारा / सिद्धांत
46. Existential – Relating to human existence or experience – अस्तित्वगत / जीवन संबंधी
47. Stoic Ethics – Moral principles emphasizing virtue and rationality – स्तोइक नैतिकता / गुण और तर्क पर आधारित आचार
48. Moderation – Avoidance of excess or extremes – मध्यस्थता / संयम
49. Epistemology – Study of knowledge and belief – ज्ञानमीमांसा / विज्ञानसिद्धांत
50. Metaphysics – Study of the fundamental nature of reality – तत्त्वमीमांसा / पारलौकिक दर्शन

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