Скачать или смотреть History of Stethoscope | A timeline of the evolution of the Stethoscope

History of Stethoscope | A timeline of the evolution of the Stethoscope

Rene laennec invented the stethoscope in 1816.
Evolution: monaural | binaural | Littmann | 3M Littmann | Electronic Stethoscope.

vented by Arthur Leared. Somerville Scott Alison invented the stethophone, which was used to to study binaural hearing and auditory processing that advanced knowledge of sound localization. Rappaport and Sprague designed the stethoscope with two sides, one of which is used for the respiratory system and the other for Cardiovascular system. David Littmann created a new stethoscope that had improved acoustics due to the advanced chest piece device.

3M-Littmann introduced the tunable diaphragm, which improved the volume of low frequency sounds. A Doppler stethoscope is an electronic stethoscope that measures the Doppler effect of ultrasound waves reflected from the heart muscles and valves. An electronic stethoscope (or stethophone) overcomes the low sound levels by electronically amplifying body sounds.