Part#4| 5G Frequency Scanner| 5G NR Cell Search Process in Stand alone mode | SSB GSCN Calculator |

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Story Start from 5G band n2 which ARFCN range is
nr-ARFCN range (386000, 398000),

Q. In 1st Video, you have seen Preferred ARFCN was 386670 which was found after UE Scan.
How UE scans band n2 and found ARFCN 386670 where SSB is present in freq domain location SSref?

Answer::::
If UE supports Band n2 that means UE know ARFCN range,
and From ARFCN, UE can calculate GSCN and its GSCN Range

Here now we will try to co-relate to each other with all parameters like GSCN, SSref, ARFCN, Freq Scan, Synchronisation Raster, the meaning of M and N value.

I have taken the example of 5G Band n2
5G ARFCN range is fixed =nr-ARFCN range (386000, 398000)
GSCN range is
SSref

In This Table, These Parameters are related to each other.
Total 140 Scan right so see last 3 scan 138th 139th and 140th
Q. So now see the 3rd Last ie 138th Scan and find out the SSref location and ARFCN.
138th Scan GSCN is 4967
Scan: 138th

When you first power on the device or your device got into out of coverage and try to detect/search a new cell, UE does not have any idea on which frequency it has to try camp on.
So it may have to do some kind of blind search.
For example,
· UE is off.
· Power On.
· Scan all the frequency.
Here two type of frequency scan: a) SLS ii) DBS
SLS: Storage List Search: Its check and Scan those frequency which was stored in mobile before switch on.
DBS: Deviated Band Search: If after SLS search UE didn’t find any cell then UE will start DBS Search where UE will scan all the frequency for whole band.
For example, let's assume that your device support 5G Band n1, n2, n20. *#0011# or *#2263#
The eNodeB around your UE may use any frequency channel from nr-arfcn range (422000, 434000) FDDBand-n1, nr-arfcn range (158200, 164200) for FDD Band n20 and nr-arfcn range (386000, 398000) for Band n2.
There can be lot of possibilities of frequencies that eNB would use. Then how UE can detect/find the cell (NodeB) it would camp on?

Step-1) UE tune to each and every channel that it supports and measure RSSI. (RSSI is simply a measurement of whatever energy/power it can measure. This measurement does not require any channel coding process. So, at this step, UE does not need to know anything about the network. At this step, UE does not try to decode PCPICH (in WCDMA) or Sync/Reference Signal (in nr-5G) to detect Physical Cell ID. It just measures the power of each channel.) As UE measure RSSI for each channel, it creates a list of each channel numbers with the measured RSSI.

Step-2) Then UE go through the list from Step-1) and figure out all the channels which shows RSSI value greater than the threshold (this threshold is also up to UE/chipset implementation, not determined by 3GPP).
Then the question would be "Any frequency with Passing RSSI value can be the one that UE can camp on?” The answer is "Not Necessarily".


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