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TRichEdit is a wrapper for a Windows rich text edit control.

Use a TRichEdit object to put a standard Windows rich text edit control on a form. Rich text edit controls let the user enter text that includes variation in font attributes and paragraph formatting information.

TRichEdit provides the properties and methods to enter and work with rich text. TRichEdit does not provide any user interface components to make these formatting options available to the user. Applications must implement the user interface components to surface the rich text capabilities of a TRichEdit object. To make this easier, a number of pre-defined standard actions operate on a rich edit control to perform common formatting tasks.

TRichEdit publishes many of the properties inherited from TCustomRichEdit, but does not introduce any new behavior.

TRichEdit supports Rich Edit 4.1. on Delphi 12 Athens

------------------ Microsoft ---------------
Use a RichEditBox to display and edit text files.

You don't use a RichEditBox to get user input into you app the way you use other standard text input boxes. Rather, you use it to work with text files that are separate from your app.

You typically save text entered into a RichEditBox to a .rtf file.

If the primary purpose of the multi-line text box is for creating read-only documents (such as blog entries or the contents of an email message), and those documents require rich text, use a rich text block instead.

When capturing text that will only be consumed and not redisplayed to users, use a plain text input control.

For all other scenarios, use a plain text input control.
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/win...

Recommendations
-- When you create a rich text box, provide styling buttons and implement their actions.
-- Use a font that's consistent with the style of your app.
-- Make the height of the text control tall enough to accommodate typical entries.
-- Don't let your text input controls grow in height while users type.
-- Don't use a multi-line text box when users only need a single line.
-- Don't use a rich text control if a plain text control is adequate.

source: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/win...

Versions of Rich Edit
The original specification for rich edit controls is Microsoft Rich Edit 1.0; the current specification is Microsoft Rich Edit 4.1. Each version of rich edit is a superset of the preceding one, except that only Asian builds of Microsoft Rich Edit 1.0 have a vertical text option. Before creating a rich edit control, you should call the LoadLibrary function to verify which version of Microsoft Rich Edit is installed.

The following table shows which DLL corresponds with which version of Rich Edit. Note that the name of the file did not change from version 2.0 to version 3.0. This allows version 2.0 to be upgraded to version 3.0 without breaking existing code.

Rich Edit version DLL Window Class
1.0 Riched32.dll RICHEDIT_CLASS
2.0 Riched20.dll RICHEDIT_CLASS
3.0 Riched20.dll RICHEDIT_CLASS
4.1 Msftedit.dll MSFTEDIT_CLASS

source: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/win...