Скачать или смотреть 🎵 The Invention of Motion - The Bicycle, 1817 to Today (History Preview)

In 1817, Karl von Drais introduced the Laufmaschine in Mannheim as a response to transportation shortages following widespread famine. His two-wheeled, pedal-less invention allowed riders to push themselves forward with their feet, offering a human-powered alternative to the horse. Though simple in design, it laid the groundwork for later developments.

In the 1860s, French mechanics like Pierre Michaux added pedals to the front wheel, creating the so-called boneshaker. This early bicycle featured a heavy iron frame and rigid wheels, making it difficult to ride but marking the first mechanically driven version of the vehicle.

By 1885, John Kemp Starley developed the safety bicycle in Coventry, England. With two equally sized wheels, a chain drive to the rear, and a diamond-shaped frame, it offered greater stability, comfort, and mass appeal. This model became the blueprint for modern bicycle construction.

In 1888, Irish inventor John Boyd Dunlop introduced pneumatic tires, reducing vibration and making cycling more practical on rough roads. Combined with earlier innovations, the bicycle became a widespread means of transport, recreation, and sport.

Today, bicycles exist in countless forms—yet the core principle remains unchanged: a simple, efficient machine powered by the rider. From forest paths to city parks, the bicycle continues to connect people across generations.

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📘 Glossary
• Karl von Drais: German inventor of the Laufmaschine (1817).
• Laufmaschine: Early two-wheeled vehicle propelled by pushing off the ground with the feet.
• Boneshaker: Pedal-driven bicycle with front crank, built from iron and wood, common in the 1860s.
• Safety Bicycle: Model from 1885 with even wheels and rear-chain drive, precursor to the modern bike.
• John Kemp Starley: British engineer who developed the safety bicycle.
• John Boyd Dunlop: Inventor of the pneumatic bicycle tire (1888).
• Pneumatic Tire: Tire filled with air, improving comfort and efficiency.
• Mannheim: German city where the first Laufmaschine was tested.
• Coventry: English city where the safety bicycle was developed.
• Crank Drive: Pedal mechanism connected directly or via chain to the wheel.