Talcott Parsons: Social Action - Elements & Types; Ego-alter; AGIL Model | Sociology

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Chapters:
0:00 Talcott Parsons
0:12 Introduction of Talcott Parsons
1:07 Social Action
2:22 Elements of Social Action
3:02 Ego-alter
3:47 Types of Social Action
4:47 Pattern variable
6:40 Types of Pattern Variables
9:10 AGIL Model
10:34 AGIL in Practice
12:04 MCQ About Talcott Parsons

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Social Action
Choices between alternative values and actions must be partially free
Voluntary, oriented and subject to guidance by norms
Motives as part of action
Actor is not independent but dependent upon social values when he performs a social action
Elements Of Social Action
Actor
Situation
Motivation
Aesthetic
Cognitive
Evaluative
Combine to make value theory and determine social action
Ego-alter
The one who speaks or does – ego
The one who receives/ hears or listens – alter-ego
Interaction between the two - micro level – beginning of social system – most elementary form

Three Types of Social Action
Instrumental action – e.g. studying for long hours to get good marks
Expressive action- e.g. moral/emotional satisfaction by doing something
Moral action- e.g. deciding what is fair or not based on moral or ethical grounds
Pattern variable
Categorize choices and forms of orientation for actors
They provide range of possible decisions to the actor
They focus on the aspect of the action
In order to fulfil a social action, the actor must come out of any dilemma
Provide a means of describing and classifying institutions, social relations, etc and values, norms associated with them
Five Types of Pattern Variables
Affective neutrality vs affectivity – amount of appropriate or expected emotion in any interaction
Collectively or self – collective or shared interest over self interest
Particularism or universalism – whom to consider when involved in a social action i.e. on the basis of general norm or their relation with actor. E.g. relatives and bureaucracy
Diffuseness or specificity – range of obligation involved with relation e.g. student-teacher and husband-wife
Ascription or achievement – inborn or achieved qualities. E.g. priest and soldier
AGIL Model
One of the first open systems theories of organizations
Functional imperatives to all social systems


It represents four basic functions that all social systems must perform in order to sustain/survive:
Adaptation: 
A system must be able to cope with external situational exigencies
Adapt to environment or adapt the environment as need be
Goal Attainment: 
Define goals
Achieve goals
Integration:
 regulate interrelationship
Maintain Relationship with A,G and L
Latency: 
Motivate and renew motivation of individuals and cultural patterns



AGIL in Practice
Adaptation – adjusting to external world --- behavioral organism
Three aspects of social action:
Personality system – motivates actor’s desires – goal attainment – goals are defined and resources are mobilized
Social system – action is done in this system – integration function – control component parts
Cultural system – they define the situations in which actor does action – latency function – norms and values provided which motivates actors #ugcnet #doorsteptutor #examrace