Unitary System of China | One Party System | For Undergraduates | Detailed Explanation

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Unitary System

The People’s Republic of China is a unitary multi-national state created jointly by the people of all its nationalities. In China, a strong central government exists while regional governments, as distinct entities, have not been created under the Constitution. Therefore, In order to encourage people’s participation in policy-making and preserve their interest in public affairs, decentralization has been introduced in the governmental affairs. The central government has delegated much authority and powers to the regional and local administrative units.

Democratic Centralism

Like the political system of former Soviet Union, the principle of “Democratic Centralism” prevails in People’s Republic of China as well. Keeping in view democratic norms, elective principle has been introduced at all levels not only within the governmental institutions but also within the Party organization. All the citizens have been secured the right to vote on the basis of adult suffrage.

One Party System

The Communist Party enjoys almost dictatorial powers within the constitutional framework and has been regarded as the sole source of political authority for all practical purposes.

Party organization runs parallel to that of the governmental institutions. Party elite hold all top-notch positions in the government.

In practice, no other political party enjoys real freedom to act.

Legislature

The National People’s Congress (NPC) comprises the legislative branch.

It is a unicameral legislature with more than 3000 members.

Theoretically, it is the top decision making body in China. It has the ultimate say on policies, amendments and appointment of ministers in the government.

It has been declared as an organ through which the people exercise state power.

Congressmen are elected by regional Congresses, by autonomous regions, by Municipalities working under the central government and by People’s Liberation Army, each according to its quota.

The mode of election is based on secret ballot, while the constitution guarantees holding of free and fair elections.

The real work of NPC is done by a smaller body known as Standing Committee of NPC, consisting around 150 members.

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