Скачать или смотреть POLITICAL PARTIES AND ELECTORAL SYSTEMS MODULE 6 Party Ideologies, Platforms, and Policy Influence

Political parties are not merely electoral machines or organizational structures; they are also ideological institutions. Their ideologies are frameworks of values, beliefs, and principles that guide their policies, public messages, legislative behavior, and governance approaches. This module examines how ideology influences party platforms, how platforms shape policy agendas, and how parties interact with public opinion, interest groups, civil society, and institutional structures to influence policymaking and governance outcomes.
I. Understanding Political Ideologies
A political ideology is a coherent set of ideas and principles that seek to explain how society should work and outlines the role of government, individual freedoms, the economy, social justice, and law and order.
A. Major Political Ideologies
Ideology
Core Beliefs
Examples
Liberalism
Individual freedom, free markets, rule of law, democratic governance
U.S. Democrats, UK Liberal Democrats
Conservatism
Tradition, national identity, free enterprise, limited government
U.S. Republicans, UK Conservatives
Socialism
Social equality, wealth redistribution, state intervention in economy
Labour Parties (UK, Australia), ANC
Communism
Classless society, abolishing private property, centralized state planning
Historical: Soviet Union, Mao’s China
Populism
Anti-elite sentiment, direct appeal to "the people", nationalism
Donald Trump (US), Bolsonaro (Brazil)
Green Politics
Environmentalism, sustainability, participatory democracy
Green Parties globally
Libertarianism
Maximum individual liberty, minimal state intervention
Libertarian Party (US)
Islamism
Governance based on Islamic law and values
AKP (Turkey), Muslim Brotherhood