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#electrical #electricalengineering
Abstract - A fault detection system for transmission lines using Arduino is a scaled-down prototype designed to demonstrate principles of electrical fault analysis and protection. This system utilizes a low voltage source (typically 5V or 12V) to simulate the transmission line, with the Arduino Mega or Uno acting as the central processing unit. The prototype detects Line-to-Line (L-L) faults by monitoring voltage drops across the lines using analog input pins, where a short circuit is sensed as a near-zero voltage difference between the phases. Line-to-Ground (L-G) faults are often simulated using simple switches that connect a line to the ground plane, triggering the Arduino input pin when the circuit is completed. For overload detection, a Current Transformer (CT) is integrated to step down the line current, and its output is then passed through a rectifier circuit (like a bridge rectifier) to convert the AC signal to a DC voltage proportional to the load current, which the Arduino can read. If the measured current exceeds a pre-set threshold, the Arduino executes a trip action. This action involves driving a BT136 TRIAC-based Solid State Relay (SSR) to safely isolate and trip the load (acting as a circuit breaker). Simultaneously, a buzzer alarm is activated, and fault details, such as the fault type and location, are displayed on a 16x2 LCD for the operator. The entire setup is commonly mounted on a miniature transmission tower structure built from ice cream sticks to give a tangible representation of the physical transmission environment.

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PROJECTRONICS
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1. 24x18 inch any hardsheet
2. Glue gun and stick

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