#Black hat dance :
In the seventeenth century , the Fifth Dalai Lama incorporated the Black Hat dance of the Sakya tradition into Namgyal Monastery . Although the dance had been done there since the time of the Fourth Dalai Lama , he gave it a distinctive spin , introducing the “Purba Cham” , a long series with not just one dancer , but rather a group of Black Hat dancers . These warriors , or defenders of the dharma , do not wear masks .
He also wrote about some of the symbolism of the dance , saying that the hat itself represents the whole world we inhabit with his innate empty nature , while the hat’s dome stands stands for Mount Meru , the symbolic sacred mountain and center of the world . The threads of the hat’s fabric are woven in five colors and webbed to eight points in a wheel-like shape , symbolizing the eight minor and major continents .
#Cymbal Dance
The lama purify the ground where the cham dances will be taking place , the sound of ritual music relieves the souls of those lingering in hell . The monks wear “Uza” i.e. Red Hat as worn by Nyingmapa sect ,on their head shown in the figure, and “Zendam” string to hold their attire , and the monks wear “Chamlam” i.e. shoes.They dance holding ritual instruments accompanied by the rest of the monks which will be ten to twelve in numbers , playing traditional Tibetan instruments . There is a leader present known as ‘Champen’ , who keeps time with Cymbals , while others play wind instruments and drums because these rituals are rich with religious significance and deep cultural importance , they are multi – faceted . Within a performance , the rigor of the movement varies from slow spinning and hopping on one foot , to more full – bodied, and dynamic expressions . Drums, trumpets , and chanting of monks accompany the dancers .
#Guru Thamar
The appearance of Guru Dragmar alone is spectacular . He wears ornaments made out of human bones and skulls wound around the neck and cross- sectioned , called rigyen and meelong on his chest with inscriptions of the mystical syllable Hung . Its huge mask is unique with its sorpho (brocade worn on lap) and the wrathful mouth and eyes on the masks surrounded by miniature embroidery works , the entire costume weighing 45kg . The other eye- catching and other unique Chaam is called Rong Chaam (dance with masks of wild animals and birds on ) , its steppings packed with vigor and piousness . It is categorized as a special dance of Sikkim , choreographed by Chogyal Chagdor Namgyal at Rabdentse Tsuglakhang . He had received it in his vision . These type of Chaams , dance in all the four directions i.e East , West, North and South .
Birds and animals represent nature and peace . In one form of Chaam , birds of the same species dance together which is called Namding Chham. It represents unity and equality with no hatred , jealousy , distinction and ego . In Tshamche, all animals are mixed like for example: Tiger , Pig , Leopard , deer , Monkey , Lion , Yak etc . It signifies that almost everyone in this world have to get along and live in harmony , when various forms of animals come up and dance together it signifies that human beings can come together and live in harmony and peace so that there is world peace among all sentient beings. These dancers will be only those monks who have been given the correct initiations (abhisheka ), allowing them to practice for the sake of all sentient beings .
The chaams actually depicts the life of Padmasambhava and also one gets to explore different forms of Mahakalas , or wrathful demons which appear frequently , it is represented with a large brown mask with five skulls . His eyes bulge , his fangs are enormous , and his hair is made out of a yak’s tail .
At the end of the Chaam , the huge demonic idol is carried and burnt . This ritual is similar to the burning of Raavan during Dussehra . The evil forces are defeated and burnt down .After the end of the Chaam , the rituals continue and the monks continue their prayers and offerings .
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