VIDEO LINK: • Эти Осы Паразиты Живут в Каждом Доме! Кто ... = Эти Хитрые Осы Паразиты Живут в Каждом Доме! Только они очень мелкого размера! Кто Это Такие? Это Осы Бетилиды - Паразиты Суринамского Мукоеда Oryzaephilus surinamensis. Энтомолог Виктор Фурсов показывает оригинальное авторское видео Ос Бетилид - Паразитов Суринамского Мукоеда Oryzaephilus surinamensis.
Бетили́ды (лат. Bethylidae) — семейство ос подотряда стебельчатобрюхие отряда перепончатокрылые насекомые. Размеры мелкие (1—10 мм). Крылья с сильно редуцированным жилкованием, есть бескрылые формы.
В мире известно около 3000 видов (на 2018 год; В Палеарктике около 150 видов, в Европе — около 100 видов.
Имеются как обычные паразитоидные формы (гониозус, перизиерола и др.) так и виды, у которых намечается переход к сложным формам заботы о потомстве (эпирис и др.) и к общественной жизни (склеродерма).
Parasitic Hymenoptera of the family Bethylidae parasitize Oryzaephilus: the records include Cephalonomia meridionalis, C. tarsalis and Holepyris sylvanidis.
Bethylidae is a family belonging to the insect order Hymenoptera and contains about 2 200 described species. Bethylids typically parasitize larvae of Lepidoptera and Coleoptera, including species that are serious pests of stored products.
The main bethylids in stored-grain ecosystems are species of Cephalonomia, Holepyris and Laelius spp.
Cephalonomia tarsalis (Ashmead), common in stored-product facilities, is a predator and an ectoparasitoid of the sawtoothed grain beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis L., and the merchant grain beetle, Oryzaephilus mercator (Fauvel) (Powell, 1938; Lord, 2001). Cheng et al. (2003) reported that a mated female could lay either a single egg or a pair of eggs on a host. Of the eggs laid by a mated wasp 80% are female, and when two eggs are laid on a single host, one becomes male and the other becomes female. The first egg is typically laid on the prothorax of the host, whereas the second is laid on the mesothorax. Mating status can influence the number of eggs laid: virgin females lay an average of 50 eggs, whereas non-virgins lay an average of 85 eggs.
Eggs hatch within 24 h after oviposition and males emerge 1–2 days before the female. The larval period of C. tarsalis begins when contractions and expansions of the digestive tract, due to the ingestion of food, are visible. The young larva will feed as a semi-ectoparasitoid, completely consuming its host in 4 days. The number of eggs laid on the host can influence the feeding time. The host larva is consumed in two-thirds of the time required by a single larva when two eggs are deposited. The larva spins a cocoon in about 6 h after it stops feeding. The cocoon plays an important protective role against parasitic mites.
The pupal phase of C. tarsalis is the longest pre-imaginal stage, the abdomen typically begins to darken, and the entire body becomes dark grey to black after 1 day. Ecdysis to the adult then occurs. The adult needs about 4–5 days to emerge from the cocoon due to weakness and is sluggish during the first hours of life. Lukáš & Stejskal (2004) indicated that the developmental time for all stages was shortest at 27 and 30 °C but did not differ significantly between these two temperatures. Egg development was shortest at 30 °C, lasting for 1.1 days. Larval development required 5.2 days at 30 °C, but in contrast, the shortest pupal development (5.2 days) was recorded at 27 °C. Lifespan differs considerably between the two sexes, and mating does not influence it. Males live about 6 days, and do not feed, whereas females live an average of 35 days.
#осывдоме, #осывгороде, #домашниеосы, #паразитическиеосы, #Bethylidae, #Cephalonomia, #Oryzaephilussurinamensis, #Chrysidoidea,
#насекомыеподмикроскопом, #насекомые,
#наукаУкраїна, #ентомологіяУкраїна, #entomologyUkraine,
#parasitoidsUkraine, #biocontrolUkraine, #насекомыеУкраина,
#entomologyUkraine, #биометодУкраина,
#InsectsUkraine, #ТрихограммаУкраина,
#энтомологияУкраина,
#DrVictorFursov,
Uploaded: 29.VIII.2021, Kiev, Kyiv, the capital of UKRAINE.
Загружено: 29.VIII.2021, Киев, столица Украины
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