Скачать или смотреть "After Virtue" By Alasdair MacIntyre

Alasdair MacIntyre's "After Virtue" presents a compelling critique of modern moral philosophy while proposing a return to a virtue-based ethical framework. His analysis challenges the prevailing moral landscape, asserting that the Enlightenment project and subsequent moral philosophies have failed to provide a coherent system for understanding ethics. MacIntyre contends that the fragmentation of moral discourse has resulted in a society devoid of a shared understanding of what constitutes the good life.At the heart of MacIntyre's argument is the concept of emotivism, the view that moral judgments are expressions of personal preferences or feelings rather than objective truths. He criticizes this approach as a symptom of the breakdown of moral language, reducing ethical debates to mere expressions of subjective opinion without rational basis. In a society dominated by emotivism, moral discourse becomes futile as individuals talk past each other, lacking a common moral framework to engage in meaningful dialogue.MacIntyre traces the historical trajectory of moral philosophy, highlighting the shift from Aristotelian virtue ethics to the modern deontological and utilitarian approaches. He argues that the abandonment of virtue ethics in favor of these competing frameworks has contributed to the moral confusion of the present age. Without a shared understanding of virtues and the teleological nature of ethics, society struggles to articulate and defend moral claims.Central to MacIntyre's thesis is the idea that morality cannot be divorced from the context of a tradition or a narrative. He emphasizes the importance of community and tradition in shaping and transmitting moral practices and virtues. In his view, virtues are not merely individual traits but are embedded within the practices of a community. This communal aspect is essential for the cultivation and understanding of virtues, as they are developed and sustained within social contexts.MacIntyre proposes a return to virtue ethics rooted in a revival of teleological thinking. He advocates for the recovery of narrative unity and the revival of virtue-based traditions, arguing that this reclamation is necessary to restore a coherent moral framework. According to MacIntyre, reviving this framework involves reconnecting with the virtues and teleological aims that have been lost in the modern ethical discourse.Furthermore, MacIntyre's critique extends beyond philosophy to social and political realms. He argues that contemporary societies are characterized by a moral crisis that extends to politics, economics, and social institutions. The absence of a shared moral language impedes our ability to address pressing societal issues and leads to a fragmented and dysfunctional political landscape.In conclusion, "After Virtue" presents a profound critique of modern moral philosophy while advocating for a return to virtue ethics grounded in tradition and narrative. MacIntyre's analysis underscores the importance of a shared moral framework rooted in communal practices and challenges the prevailing moral relativism of the contemporary era. His call for a revival of virtues and teleological thinking offers a compelling alternative to the fragmented ethical landscape of modernity, aiming to restore coherence and meaning to our understanding of ethics and the good life.