Geography of Tamil Nadu | Class - 2 | Climate | Mr. Saravanan.S | Mission 80

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Climate: temperature, rainfall and monsoon
The document titled "TN Climate: Temperature, Rainfall, and Monsoon" provides an in-depth analysis of Tamil Nadu's climate, focusing on its temperature, rainfall patterns, and monsoon seasons. Here is a detailed summary:

1. Introduction to Climate
Definition: Climate is the average atmospheric condition of a region over a long period, typically 35 years, contrasting with weather, which is short-term.
Key Factors: Angle of sun rays, altitude, land and water distribution, air pressure, wind patterns, and ocean currents influence climate.
2. Elements of Weather and Climate
Temperature: Depends on solar radiation and decreases at a lapse rate of 6.5°C per 1000 meters in altitude.
Rainfall: Categorized into conventional, cyclonic, and orographic rainfall. Rain is measured using a rain gauge.
Air Pressure: Measured by barometers, with pressure decreasing at higher altitudes.
3. Monsoon in Tamil Nadu
Southwest Monsoon (June-September): Tamil Nadu receives limited rainfall due to its location in the rain shadow area.
Northeast Monsoon (October-December): The primary rainy season for Tamil Nadu, contributing to around 50% of the state’s annual rainfall. Cyclones significantly influence this monsoon.
4. Seasonal Overview
Winter (January-February): Mild temperatures ranging from 15°C to 25°C.
Summer (March-May): High temperatures, with some regions exceeding 40°C.
Rainfall Patterns: Influenced by various factors, including the proximity to the equator and ocean currents.
5. Specific Climatic Phenomena
El Niño and La Niña: These events affect Tamil Nadu's monsoon patterns by altering ocean temperatures and atmospheric pressure.
Cyclones: Frequently occur during the northeast monsoon, impacting rainfall and causing damage.
6. Geographical Factors Affecting Tamil Nadu's Climate
Mountain Barriers: Influence wind patterns and rainfall.
Proximity to the Sea: Regulates temperature and enhances humidity.
The document uses illustrations and tables to clearly explain the concepts, such as diagrams of monsoon mechanisms, climate zones, and the impact of El Niño and La Niña. For more specifics, please let me know the areas you'd like detailed.

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