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The Reserve Bank has surprised economists and financial markets by cutting the Official Cash Rate by 50 basis points to 7.5%, arguing the outlook for global growth had slowed and would in return keep inflation pressures under control. (Updated to include the NZ dollar's fall, Kiwibank's rate cuts and Bollard's expectations banks will cut mortgage rates).

Almost all economists had expected a 25 basis point cut to 7.75% and the decision dragged the New Zealand dollar down by almost 1 US cent to 65.2 US cents.

It is likely to drag the New Zealand dollar lower and make it easier for banks to pass on at least some of the cut to fixed and variable rate borrowers.

Kiwibank was the first to move. It passed on all of the OCR cut to its variable mortgage rate, cutting it by 50 basis points to 9.80%. It cut its two year fixed mortgage rate by 36 basis points to 8.49% and cut its 3 year rate by a similar amount to 8.39%. These rates apply to home buyers borrowing less than 80% of the home's value.

Reserve Bank Governor Alan Bollard said the 50 basis point cut gave the banks enough room to pass on some of the cut to borrowers, although he acknowledged international funding costs had risen for banks and were likely to stay high for the forseeable future.

"We think we're giving them quite a lot of room to move," Bollard told a news conference after the announcement.

"We would expect some of this to pass through and result in mortgage reductions," he said.

The Reserve Bank repeated its July 24 outlook for further rate cuts and a move to a less restrictive monetary policy stance, saying that bank funding costs remained high and would continue to remain high because of the pressures on the global financial system from the Credit Crunch.

"The New Zealand economy is experiencing a marked slowdown, led primarily by the household sector. The outlook for the global economy has deteriorated further in the wake of continued financial market turmoil," Reserve Bank Governor Alan Bollard said the September quarter monetary policy statement.

"In addition, the New Zeland business sector is coming under pressure from both rising costs and falling demand," Bollard said.