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Spread Footing
A spread footing is a type of foundation that spreads the weight of the building across a wider area of soil that can be isolated (several separate footings) or continuous (a single-footing row).

This type of foundation is suitable for smaller, lighter structures such as single-family homes and smaller apartment buildings. Like the raft foundation, the design of a spread footing involves calculating the load of the building and the soil-bearing capacity to determine the size and depth of the footing. The footing is then excavated to the appropriate depth, reinforcement is formed, and a concrete base is poured into the excavation.
The benefits of spread footings include their simplicity of design, ease of construction, and cost-effectiveness for smaller, lighter structures.

However, limitations include their insufficient capacity for larger buildings and their potential for settling and cracking if the soil is not properly compacted. Spread footings are generally the most cost-effective option and are suitable for most soil types. Spread footings are typically the easiest footing to repair or replace.

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