How Do Kidneys Maintain & Regulate Blood Pressure In Human Body? | BYJU'S Now We Know

In this week’s video for ‘Now We Know’, we will discuss blood pressure, the role of the heart in this process, and how kidneys are involved in regulating it.
Whenever we talk about blood pressure, we always talk about the heart. But there is an extremely important organ that we always tend to miss… the kidneys! But what is blood pressure? The heart pumps blood that goes through the entire body via blood vessels. It contracts and relaxes to do so. While the blood flows through these vessels, it exerts some pressure on the walls of the vessels. The measurement of this pressure is called Blood Pressure. When the heart contracts to pump blood to other body parts, the blood pressure is at its maximum measurement. This is called systolic blood pressure. In between two contractions, there is a small gap when the heart relaxes where the blood pressure is at a minimum measurement. This is diastolic blood pressure. The blood pressure measurement we saw earlier can change depending on how much blood flows through the vessels. This is called blood volume. Since 50% of blood is water, blood volume is determined by the amount of water in the blood. And the water balance in the body is maintained by the kidneys! The blood reaches the kidneys through a blood vessel called the renal artery. Renal artery branches into smaller vessels called afferent arterioles which feed blood to the functional units of the kidneys, the nephrons. The nephrons, with the help of afferent arterioles sense any change in blood volume. If the nephrons sense that the blood volume is low, it sends less water into the urine and vice versa. The rest is reabsorbed into the blood. This happens because the kidneys release a hormone called Renin directly into the blood. And once Renin starts doing its magic, two more hormones called Angiotensin II and Aldosterone are activated in the body. These hormones signal the kidney to send water and sodium back into the blood in case of low blood pressure. In case of high blood pressure, they signal the kidney to simply excrete more out via urine. And as we know, water affects blood volume which affects blood pressure. But why sodium? Well, it’s said that water follows sodium. So, sodium moves water into the blood too with its presence. Boom! Your blood pressure is now back to normal. This way sodium balance and the water balance by the kidneys maintain the blood pressure.
Stay until the end of the video so you do not miss out on all this interesting information.

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