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Thanjavur was at its peak under Raja Raja Chola, But his son Rajendra shifted out and named the new capital Gangaikonda Cholapuram to commemorate his victorious expeditions to the Gangetic plains.
The dynasty ruled for more than 250 years after Rajendra Chola, but never returned to Thanjavur.
Rajendra conducted the most striking military exploit after his accession in 1023 by his expedition to northern India.
He led the expedition up to the Godavari river and asked his general to continue beyond that place. The Gangaikonda Cholapuram temple was built to commemorate his victories in North India.
He defeated all these kingdoms Vengi, Kalinga, Odda, Bengal (Pala dynasty) culminating with their arrival at the Ganga river.
Gangaikonda Cholapuram, and the CholaGangam Lake (now Ponneri Lake), which Rajendra had dug and sanctified with water from the Ganga.
Rajendra also led naval operations against the SriVijaya Empire in Indonesia. Sri Vijaya was a prominent maritime state in Southeast Asia from around 700 to 1300. Rajendra also conquered the Kedah kingdom in Malaysia, which was under the influence of Sri Vijaya.
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Sources :
The Indian Express: How successful were the Cholas as empire builders: 30 Sept, 2022
The Hindu : A historic tank in Ariyalur to the brim: 18 Jan, 2016
The times of India: Rajendra Chola I birth anniversary to be celebrated as govt event in Tamil Nadu: 11 Aug 2021
The Times of India : A king shifts his capital : 8 Sep 2022
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