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📚 Oxygen-Hemoglobin Dissociation Curve

The oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve is a sigmoidal (S-shaped) graph that illustrates the relationship between the partial pressure of oxygen (pO₂) and the percentage saturation of hemoglobin (Hb) with oxygen. 🫁📈 This unique shape is due to cooperative binding—as one O₂ molecule binds to Hb, it increases the affinity for the next, leading to a steep middle portion of the curve. In the lungs (pO₂ ~100 mmHg), Hb is almost fully saturated (≈97%)—even small drops in pO₂ won’t significantly reduce oxygen loading, ensuring efficient uptake. In contrast, in peripheral tissues (pO₂ ~40 mmHg), the curve drops steeply, allowing Hb to release oxygen readily where it’s needed most. 🧠💪 The curve can shift right (↓affinity = ↑O₂ delivery) in conditions like acidosis, increased CO₂, ↑2,3-BPG, fever (remember: "CADET, face Right!"), and shift left (↑affinity = ↓O₂ delivery) in the opposite settings like alkalosis, hypothermia, ↓2,3-BPG. 🌡️📉 Understanding this curve is vital for interpreting oxygen transport, respiratory physiology, and clinical conditions like anemia, CO poisoning, and high-altitude physiology. 🩸🌬️

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