Скачать или смотреть Kinds of writ Petition | writ Petition ki aqsam ?

In Pakistan, the Constitution of 1973 provides the framework for *writ petitions**, which are constitutional remedies to protect fundamental rights and ensure accountability. The primary sources are **Article 199* (jurisdiction of High Courts) and *Article 184(3)* (jurisdiction of the Supreme Court in public interest matters). Below are the *five types of writ petitions* recognized in Pakistan:

1. *Habeas Corpus*
**Purpose**: To challenge unlawful detention or imprisonment.
**Relevant Law**: Article 199 (High Courts) and Article 184(3) (Supreme Court).
**Use Case**: Directs authorities to produce the detained person in court and justify the legality of detention.

2. *Mandamus*
**Purpose**: To compel a public official, tribunal, or authority to perform a legal duty they are obligated to fulfill.
**Relevant Law**: Article 199.
**Use Case**: Forces action when there is a failure to execute statutory or constitutional responsibilities (e.g., issuing a document, enforcing a law).

3. *Prohibition*
**Purpose**: To prevent a lower court, tribunal, or authority from acting beyond its jurisdiction.
**Relevant Law**: Article 199.
**Use Case**: Stops ongoing proceedings that exceed legal authority.
4. *Certiorari*
**Purpose**: To quash an order, decision, or judgment issued without jurisdiction, in violation of natural justice, or with legal errors.
**Relevant Law**: Article 199.
**Use Case**: Annuls decisions made by lower courts or authorities acting illegally or arbitrarily.

5. *Quo Warranto*
**Purpose**: To challenge the legality of a person’s claim to a public office.
**Relevant Law**: Article 199.
**Use Case**: Questions the authority of someone holding office without proper qualifications or legal right (e.g., invalid appointments).
Key Constitutional Provisions:
1. *Article 199**: Empowers **High Courts* to issue these writs against any person/authority within their territorial jurisdiction.
2. *Article 184(3)**: Allows the **Supreme Court* to issue writs in cases of national importance or violations of fundamental rights affecting the public.

Additional Notes:
**Scope**: Writs are discretionary remedies and require the petitioner to demonstrate a clear legal right or grievance.
**Limitations**: Cannot be used for private disputes or where alternate remedies exist (e.g., statutory appeals).

These writs ensure judicial oversight over executive and legislative actions, upholding constitutional supremacy and rule of law in Pakistan.