Electronic piano circuit by 555

In this video, I've explained how to make a toy piano for kids only with NE555 timer IC.
This 555 IC is connected in Astable mode so that we can continuously getting square pulses from the output pin 3. By changing the value of resistor R and capacitor C, we can change the frequency and the duty cycle of the pulses.

To add more notes, we need to calculate to resistor value,
S, for the calculation, we need to know the frequencies of all 12 notes i.e.
C, C#, D, D#, E, F, F#, G, G#, A, A#, B (Western)
or,
Sa, Kumal-Re, Re, Kumal-Ga, Ga, Maa, Tibra-Maa, Paa, Kumal-Dha, Dha, Kumal-Ni, Ni (Indian)

After knowing all the frequencies of all the octave from the Google, we have to calculate the resistor value.

We know,
T = 0.693 x (Ra + 2Rb) x C,
(Please refer my 555 Astable mode video)

as, f = 1/T
so,
f = 1.443 / {(Ra+ 2Rb) x C}
Here, f = Frequency
Ra = The resistor (in Ohm) connected between +5v and Pin7 of IC. I've used 1k Ohm.
Rb = Total resistance (in Ohm) between Pin6 and Pin7.
C = Capacitor connected between Pin2 and the GND.

By changing the value of Rb with Push-Button switch, we can change the output sound frequency.
One more thing, please note. I've used only approximate values of the resistors to look this circuit very simple so that anyone can make it. If you want accurate frequency, the you have do all these things.

To know more about IC 555 and the calculation, please watch my

Astable mode of IC 555, Video Link:
   • Astable mode of IC 555 | Astable mode...  

Internal circuit of 555 timer, Video Link:
   • Internal circuit of 555 timer | NE555...  

PWM signal generation by 555 timer IC, Video Link:
   • PWM signal generation by 555 timer IC...  
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My other Sound video without microcontroller:

Generate Ambulance Siren only with 555 timer IC, Video Link:
   • Generate Ambulance Siren only with 55...  

Four Different Siren Generator (Ambulance, Police & More), Video Link:
   • Видео  

Generate Police Siren only with 555 timer IC, Video Link:
   • Generate Police Siren only with 555 t...  

How To Make Mini Amplifier Using Only One IC, Video Link:
   • How To Make Mini Amplifier Using Only...  

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Required Components:

IC: NE555

Resistors: 2.2 K x 3
1 K x2
1.5 K x2
680 Ohm x 1
10 K x 2

Capacitors: 10 nF (103)
100 nF (104)
4.7 uF (Electrolyte)

Miscellaneous: 8 Ohm Loud speaker x 1
Push-button switch x 8

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