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The code defines a function, first_diff, that identifies the first position where two strings differ. If the strings are identical, the function returns -1. Below is a detailed breakdown:

Code Walkthrough:
Function Definition:

def first_diff(str1, str2):
The function accepts two arguments, str1 and str2, which are the two strings to be compared.

Determine Minimum Length:

min_length = min(len(str1), len(str2))
The function calculates the shorter length of the two strings using the min function. This ensures we compare characters only up to the length of the shorter string to avoid index errors.

Compare Characters in Both Strings:

for i in range(min_length):
if str1[i] != str2[i]:
return i
A for loop iterates over the range of the minimum length.
Inside the loop, it checks if the characters at the same position in both strings are different.
If a difference is found, the function immediately returns the index i.
Handle Case Where Strings Are of Different Lengths:

if str1 != str2:
return min_length
If the loop completes without finding a difference but the strings are of unequal lengths, it means the extra characters in the longer string cause the difference.
The function returns the min_length as the index where the difference starts.
If Strings Are Identical:
else:
return -1
If no differences are found and the strings are equal, the function returns -1, indicating they are identical.
Example Execution:

str1 = "hello"
str2 = "helo"
result = first_diff(str1, str2)
Step 1: Minimum length (min_length) is calculated as 4 (length of helo).
Step 2: The loop compares characters:
str1[0] == str2[0] → 'h' == 'h'
str1[1] == str2[1] → 'e' == 'e'
str1[2] == str2[2] → 'l' == 'l'
str1[3] != str2[3] → 'l' != 'o' → Returns 3.
Output:
The first difference is at index: 3