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NCERT CLASS 8 POLITY CHAPTER 5 UNDERSTADING MARGINALISATION (ENGLISH)
1. Understanding Marginalisation.
Marginalisation means being excluded and pushed to the fringes.
This can happen in classrooms or socially, based on differences in language, customs, or social status.
It can lead to limited access to resources and opportunities.

2. Who are Adivasis?.
Adivasis are communities associated with forests and constitute about 8% of India's population.
They have distinct languages and cultures, often concentrated in states like Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand.
Adivasis face stereotyping and misconceptions, which can lead to discrimination.

3. Adivasis and Development.
Adivasis historically had significant control over forests, essential for resources in pre-colonial India.
Economic and political changes have forced Adivasis to migrate to cities, leading to a loss of traditional livelihoods and culture.
Displacement has also led to poor health and education among Adivasis.

4. Minorities and Marginalisation.
Safeguards for minorities in the Constitution aim to protect against cultural domination and discrimination.
These safeguards ensure diversity, equality, and justice in society.

5. Muslims and Marginalisation.
Muslims in India have faced marginalisation in terms of socio-economic development.
The Sachar Committee Report highlighted their social and economic marginalisation.
Distinct customs and practices of Muslims have sometimes led to social discrimination and ghettoisation.

6. Conclusion.
Marginalisation is complex and affects communities in various ways.
It results in a low social status and limited access to resources and education.
Safeguards and laws are essential to address marginalisation and promote equality for all in India.