Скачать или смотреть ROLE OF SUPERANTIGEN IN ALLERGIC RHINITIS

Superantigens are a special class of antigens that cause massive, non-specific activation of T lymphocytes by binding simultaneously to:
1. MHC class II molecules on antigen-presenting cells
2. T-cell receptors (TCR) outside the normal antigen-binding groove

Key Features
• Bypass normal antigen processing — no need for peptides to be presented in the MHC groove.
• Activate up to 20–30% of all T cells (compared to Lee than0.01% in normal immune responses).
• Cause excessive cytokine release → “cytokine storm” → systemic inflammation.

Examples
• Bacterial toxins
• Staphylococcus aureus → Toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST-1), enterotoxins
• Streptococcus pyogenes → Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins
• Viral superantigens
• Certain retroviruses (e.g., mouse mammary tumor virus)

Common Foods Implicated
• Dairy products – cream, custards, milk, cheese
• Meat products – processed meats, ham, poultry
• Egg-based dishes – mayonnaise, egg salad
• Bakery products – cream-filled pastries, cakes
• Prepared salads – potato salad, coleslaw (especially if left at room temperature)
#anatomy #biology #ear #ent #nose #nosebleed #otolaryngology #science