Meet Plotinus, the thinker who started Neoplatonism. We'll share his big ideas about where everything comes from and how our minds shape what we see. Please Visit our Website to get more information: https://www.philosophystudent.org/
See how he split the soul into two parts and why he thought reaching for our better half was key. His thoughts on beauty and goodness still shape how we think today. Join us for a journey through his life and work.
Biography of Plotinus
The founder of Neoplatonism, Plotinus, developed a metaphysics consisting of three
elements: the One, the Intelligence, and the Soul. From these “emanate” all existence,
intellectual contemplation produces reality itself.
Beyond his metaphysics and cosmology, Plotinus theorized that the mind orders the
objects of its perception and does not passively receive the sensual information of
experience. His metaphysics also produced a philosophy of ethics, in which the soul is
divided into a higher and lower soul.
The higher is divine, whereas the lower is the locus of the personality, including its passions and vices. Ethics ultimately exists in the lower soul’s ascent to a union with the higher soul. Plotinus was born in A.D. 204 or 205 in Egypt.
The city of his birth is unknown, but he lived in Alexandria, where he sampled the lectures of various philosophers. He was displeased with all except for one, Ammonius Saccas, who served as his teacher until 242. In that year, he joined Emperor Gordian on an expedition bound for Persia, where Plotinus hoped to find more useful philosophers from whom to learn.
When an assassin cut down Gordian, Plotinus settled in Rome, where, at age forty, he founded his school of philosophy. Plotinus had been teaching in Rome for some twenty years when a student, Porphyry, persuaded him to organize his treatises into a book, the Enneads, which Porphyry edited after Plotinus died in 270 at Campania.
The One, Plotinus’s leading metaphysical principle, is derived from Plato’s concept
of the Idea or Form as reality. Plotinus argued that Plato’s Forms all partake of the
nature of the One, ensuring they do not fall into eternal disunity.
If this were to happen, “necessary” (absolute) truth would cease to exist because there would be no ultimate reality to which all truth must relate. Plotinus argued that the human intellect makes distinctions among the Forms, which are united in the One.
Thus, Intelligence is the principle of essence or “whatness.” Finally, the Soul is the
principle of desire for objects external to it, such as food, knowledge, procreation, and so on.
Plotinus is also well known for his early treatise, “On Beauty,” which, he argues,
consists of images of the Forms that are eternally present in the Intelligence.
Emulating Plato’s Symposium, Plotinus creates a hierarchy of beauty up to and above
objects, culminating in the Forms themselves.
The ultimate source of beauty, therefore, is the Good, the beauty of which is in the virtual unity of the Forms. Because Beauty ultimately causes the complexity of intelligible reality, it delights us.
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This video is about Plotinus: The Mind Behind Neoplatonism. But It also covers the following topics:
Plotinus Neoplatonism Guide
The One In Philosophy
Soul And Intelligence
Video Title: Plotinus: The Mind Behind Neoplatonism | PhilosophyStudent.org
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