Скачать или смотреть Spawn (biology) | Wikipedia audio article

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spawn_(...)


00:01:22 1 Overview
00:06:03 2 Sexual strategies
00:06:13 2.1 Basic strategies
00:09:38 2.2 Cuckoldry
00:11:36 2.3 Hermaphroditism
00:14:43 2.4 Unisexuality
00:15:52 3 Spawning strategies
00:16:26 3.1 Nonguarders
00:16:38 3.1.1 Open substrate spawners
00:20:13 3.1.2 Brood hiders
00:21:59 3.2 Guarders
00:23:26 3.2.1 Substrate spawners
00:23:51 3.3 Bearers
00:24:07 3.3.1 External bearers
00:25:10 3.3.2 Internal bearers
00:25:18 3.3.2.1 Facultative internal bearers
00:25:51 3.3.2.2 Obligate internal bearers
00:26:59 3.3.2.3 Viviparous fish
00:27:22 4 Spawning grounds
00:30:30 5 Examples
00:30:39 5.1 Fish
00:30:47 5.1.1 Goldfish
00:31:41 5.1.2 Carp
00:32:11 5.1.2.1 Siamese fighting fish
00:33:40 5.2 Crustaceans
00:33:49 5.2.1 Copepods
00:34:36 5.2.2 Spiny lobsters
00:36:09 5.3 Molluscs
00:36:17 5.3.1 Pacific oysters
00:39:28 5.3.2 Cephalopods
00:42:16 5.4 Echinoderms
00:42:37 5.4.1 Sea urchins
00:43:26 5.4.2 Sea cucumbers
00:45:07 5.5 Amphibious animals
00:45:39 5.5.1 Frogs and toads
00:48:27 5.5.2 Sea turtles
00:50:59 5.6 Aquatic insects
00:51:33 5.7 Corals
00:55:03 6 Fungi
00:56:21 7 Gallery
00:56:30 8 See also
00:56:38 9 Notes
00:56:47 10 Further reading
00:57:11 11 External links



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SUMMARY
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Spawn is the eggs and sperm released or deposited into water by aquatic animals. As a verb, to spawn refers to the process of releasing the eggs and sperm, and the act of both sexes is called spawning. Most aquatic animals, except for aquatic mammals and reptiles, reproduce through the process of spawning.
Spawn consists of the reproductive cells (gametes) of many aquatic animals, some of which will become fertilized and produce offspring. The process of spawning typically involves females releasing ova (unfertilized eggs) into the water, often in large quantities, while males simultaneously or sequentially release spermatozoa (milt) to fertilize the eggs.Most fish reproduce by spawning, as do most other aquatic animals, including crustaceans such as crabs and shrimps, molluscs such as oysters and squid, echinoderms such as sea urchins and sea cucumbers, amphibians such as frogs and newts, aquatic insects such as mayflies and mosquitoes and corals, which are actually small aquatic animals—not plants. Fungi, such as mushrooms, are also said to "spawn" a white, fibrous matter that forms the matrix from which they grow.There are many variations in the way spawning occurs, depending on sexual differences in anatomy, how the sexes relate to each other, where and how the spawn is released and whether or how the spawn is subsequently guarded.