Скачать или смотреть BUILDING MATERIALS AND BUILDING CONSTRUCTION MODULE 4 | BRICKS | Clamps, Kilns | Target IES

BUILDING MATERIALS AND BUILDING CONSTRUCTION MODULE 4 | BRICKS | Clamps, Kilns | Target IES
---------------------------------------------
Course details: http://www.targeties.com/fees-structu...
Enquiry Number: 9984079965
---------------------------------------------------
Subject - BUILDING MATERIALS AND BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
Faculty - Mr. Syed Sajid Sohail [http://www.targeties.com/civil-engine...]
------------------------------------------------
Subscribe to Target IES now for more videos:
https://www.youtube.com/c/TargetIES?s... and like this video.
--------------------------------------------------
Like our Facebook page for new updates and useful subject pdf links,
  / targeties2020  
---------------------------------------------------
Telegram channel: Target IES (Official)
https://t.me/TargetIES_Official
--------------------------------------------------


#TargetIES
#CivilforGATE
#CivilforESE


Bull trench Kiln -    • Working of a bulls trench brick kiln | Wor...  
Tunnel Kiln -    • Tunnel kiln  
Hoffman kiln -    • Hoffman Kiln with drying chamber from clay...  

CLAMP:
• Trapezoidal shape with shorter end is slightly in excavation and wider end raised
at an angle of 150 from ground level
• A layer consists of 4 or 5 courses of raw bricks laid on edges with small spaces
between them for circulation of air
• A second layer of fuel is then placed, and over it another layer of raw bricks is
kept. 70cm to 80cm thick fuel layer is kept(grass, cow dung, ground nuts, wood or
coal)
• When clamp is completely constructed, it is plastered with mud on sides and top
and filled with earth to prevent the escape of heat10
• The period of burning is about one to two months and allow the same time for
cooling 
KILNS:
A kiln is a large oven, which is used to burnt bricks
1) Intermittent kilns
2) Continuous kilns
1) Intermittent kilns:
a) Intermittent up-draught kilns:This is in the form of rectangular with thick outside walls.Wide doors are provided at each endfor loading and unloading of kilns. Atemporary roof
may be installed to protect from rain and it is removed after kiln is fired. Flues are providedto carry flames or hot gases through the body of kiln.
They are better than those prepared by clamps but bricks arenot uniformlyburnt, supply ofbricks is not continuous and wastage of fuel heat
(b) Intermittent down-draught kilns:These kilns are rectangular or circular in shape. They are provided with permanent walls and closed tight roof.
Hot gases move downwards by the chimney draught and in doing so, they burn the bricks.Advantages:
(i) Bricks are evenly burnt
(ii) Performance of this kiln is better than that of up-draught kiln
(iii) This kiln is suitable for burning of structural clay tiles, terra cota because of close controlof heat.
2. Continuous kilns:
These kilns are continuous in operations. This meansthat loading, firing, cooling andunloading are carried out simultaneously in these kilns. There are three types of continuouskilns.
a) Bull’s trench kiln
b) Hoffman’s kiln
c) Tunnel kiln
a) Bull’s trench kiln:This kiln may be of rectangular, circular or oval shape. It is constructedin a trench excavated in ground either fully underground or partially projecting aboveground. Openings are provided in the outer walls to act as flue holes. Dampers are in theform of iron plates and they are used to divide the kilns in suitable sections. It is mostwidely used kiln in India.
Fuel is placed in flues and it is ignited through flue holes after covering top surface withearth and ashes to prevent the escape of heat. Each section requires about one day to
burn.
b) Haffman’s kiln:this kiln is constructed over ground and hence, it is sometimes known asflame kiln. Its shape is circular to plan and it is divided into a number of compartments or
chambers. A permanent roof is provided; the kiln can even function during rainy season.
The initial cost installing this kiln is high.
advantages:
(i) Good quality of bricks are produced
(ii) It is possible to regulate heat inside the chambers through fuel holes
(iii) Supply of bricks is continuous and regular
(iv) There is considerable saving in fuel due to pre heating of raw bricks by flue gases
c) Tunnel kiln: This type of kiln is in the form of tunnel, which may be straight, circular or
oval in the plan. Raw bricks are placed in trolleys which are then moved from one end too
the other end of tunnel