Скачать или смотреть The Dynamic Response of Biological and Associated Materials - Dr. Bill Proud

Shock Physics is widely described as a multi-disciplinary area with strong connections to Physics, Chemistry, Materials Science, Computing and many Engineering disciplines. The depth of understanding of different material classes along with the ability to predict the dynamic and shock response of materials varies markedly. The behaviour of metals is widely reported, the level of detail is very deep, challenges exist but there is a strong and wide range of expertise. Polymers are increasingly understood and insights into the marked effects of temperature and strain rate are being developed into a range of predictive material models. Biological materials and systems are amongst the least studied or understood, there are large areas still to be addressed.

Biological materials vary widely, are often composite, with complex microstructures and are multi-functional. The presentation will focus on studies of biological materials over a range of lengths and timescales. The research is driven by a focus on blast injury and blast mitigation, with both acute and long-term pathologies being introduced. Research into the dynamic loading of STEM cells has shown that their expression and function is strongly dependent on their stress history and this is a driver for Heterotopic Ossification, a long-term condition affecting blast casualties. Skin and muscle have been more widely studied as their behaviours have been approximated to that of polymers. Bone can be represented as a weak and slightly flexible ceramic.

Many blast scenarios involve vehicles, buildings, and stress transmission through clothing and body armour. For the purposes of this talk, these are the 'associated' materials and the control of stress transmission from these materials into the biological materials is key in injury reduction. Examples involving the study of the loading history from boots to vehicle floors will be presented.