Скачать или смотреть Signs of leadership women and invisible stigmata in the late Middle Ages

Dr. Carolyn Muessig discusses since the Middle Ages, the depiction of Francis of Assisi bearing the five visible wounds of Christ on his body has been well known. In addition to this remarkable account, there were several individuals, mainly women, who were believed to have invisible stigmata. These women were described as having the five wounds of Christ on their bodies, although indiscernible to onlookers. It will be argued that the meaning of this unusual phenomenon was rooted in a medieval understanding of the sacraments and female religious authority. Discussion will focus on two notable female figures who experienced imperceptible stigmata: the thirteenth-century German nun Gertrude of Helfta and the fourteenth-century Italian holy woman Catherine of Siena.