Placenta Previa Nursing Treatment, Symptoms, Types, Causes NCLEX Lecture

Placenta previa nursing NCLEX review lecture on the types (partial, total, marginal previa), causes, symptoms, and nursing interventions.

Placenta previa is the abnormal attachment of the placenta in the uterus near or over the cervical opening.

The placenta is a very important structure for maintaining the pregnancy and it helps deliver nutrients and oxygen to the baby along with removing waste via the umbilical cord.

Where should the placenta normally attach? The placenta should attach either at the top or the side of the uterus, NOT in the lower parts of the uterus, near or over the cervical opening.

Placenta previa causes:
Maternal age greater than 35 years old
Multiples
Already had a baby
Drug use: cocaine or smoking
Surgery to the uterus that causes scarring like fibroid removal or c-section etc.

There are different types of placenta previa. These types include:
Total placenta previa: the placenta completely covers the cervical opening
Partial placenta previa: the placenta partially covers the cervical opening (not fully covered)
Marginal placenta previa: the placenta is near the edge of the cervical opening

Cases of placenta previa vary along with treatment. Placenta previa can be detected at the 20 week ultrasound.

Sometimes if the placenta is found to be low lying (partial or marginal previa) the placenta will move upward away from the cervix as the uterus grows throughout the rest of the pregnancy. The position of the placenta will be reassessed at the 32 week ultrasound. Therefore, in some cases of placenta previa, it will correct itself.

Placenta previa symptoms include: bright red painless bleeding, relaxed or soft uterus, and episodes of bleeding that are visible, bleeding after intercourse, abnormal baby position (breech or transverse lie).

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