Inflammatory Vascular Diseases

This is a brief overview of five vascular diseases of inflammatory origins.

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ADDITIONAL TAGS:
Inflammatory Vascular Diseases
An overview of five vasculitides whose (idiopathic) pathogeneses are related to the immune system
Takayasu’s arteritis
Giant-cell
arteritis
Kawasaki disease
Polyarteritis nodosa
Thromboangiitis obliterans
Takayasu’s arteritis
Also called aortic arch syndrome, pulseless disease
Caused by granulomatous formation , narrows arterial lumen
Affect medium-large arteries
Specifically aorta and its branches, subclavian arteries
Presentation: decreased pulse secondary to stenosis here
Affects women under 40 years of age
Treat with corticosteroids
Takayasu’s arteritis
Giant-cell
arteritis
Kawasaki disease
Polyarteritis nodosa
Thromboangiitis obliterans
Giant-cell arteritis
Also called temporal arteritis
Caused by granulomatous formation, narrows arterial lumen
Affects medium-large arteries
Specifically temporal artery and other branches of carotid
Presents as headache, throbbing pain, visual impairment
Affects elderly women more than men; common
Treat with corticosteroids
Takayasu’s arteritis
Giant-cell arteritis
Kawasaki disease
Polyarteritis nodosa
Thromboangiitis obliterans
Kawasaki disease
Also called mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome
Caused by systemic necrosis of vasculature from idiopathic (nonspecific) immune activation
Affects small-medium arteries
Affects children
Presents as fever, red mucosal lesions (strawberry tongue), lymphadenopathy, and rash
Treat with IVIG and aspirin
Takayasu Takayasu's arteritis
Giant-cell
arteritis
Kawasaki disease
Polyarteritis nodosa
Thromboangiitis obliterans
Polyarteritis nodosa
Caused by type III hypersensitivity immune sensitivity, complement mediated
Antibody-antigen complex causes fibrinoid necrosis
Affects small-medium arteries
Affects men more than women; middle age
Treat with corticosteroids
Takayasu’s arteritis
Giant-cell
arteritis
Kawasaki disease
Polyarteritis nodosa
Thromboangiitis obliterans
Thromboangiitis obliterans
Also called Buerger’s disease or presenile gangrene
Associated with smoking (and other tobacco use)
Affects small-medium arteries
Presents as infarction in distal limbs → claudication (pain from ischemia)
Affects middle-aged men; uncommon
Treatment: stop smoking
Takayasu’s arteritis
Giant-cell
arteritis
Kawasaki disease
Polyarteritis nodosa
Thromboangiitis obliterans
SUMMARY
Affect medium-large arteries, affect women more than men, associated with granulomatous inflammation
Takayasu’s arteritis
Giant-cell
arteritis
Kawasaki disease
Polyarteritis nodosa
Thromboangiitis obliterans
Affect small-medium arteries, affect men more than women
Affects children
All five are vascular diseases associated with inflammation whose pathogenesis is idiopathic