Скачать или смотреть Glaucoma.... a silent vision killer... everything you need to know .

Glaucoma is a common eye condition that damages the optic nerve, which is crucial for good vision. This damage is often caused by increased pressure in the eye, though it can occur even when the pressure is normal. It is a leading cause of blindness worldwide, but early detection and treatment can prevent significant vision loss. Here’s a simplified breakdown:


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What is Glaucoma?

The Optic Nerve: This is like a cable connecting your eye to your brain, transmitting what you see. Glaucoma damages this nerve, leading to vision loss.

Eye Pressure (Intraocular Pressure): The front part of your eye contains fluid that keeps it nourished. Normally, this fluid flows in and out, maintaining a healthy pressure. In glaucoma, the fluid doesn't drain properly, leading to higher pressure that can harm the optic nerve.



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Types of Glaucoma

1. Open-Angle Glaucoma (Most Common):

Develops slowly over time.

Symptoms are often unnoticed until vision loss occurs.

Peripheral (side) vision is affected first.



2. Angle-Closure Glaucoma (Less Common):

Can happen suddenly and is a medical emergency.

Symptoms include severe eye pain, nausea, and blurred vision.



3. Normal-Tension Glaucoma:

Damage occurs even though eye pressure is normal.

Cause is not fully understood but may be related to poor blood flow to the optic nerve.



4. Childhood or Congenital Glaucoma:

Rare and present at birth.

Symptoms include cloudy eyes, light sensitivity, and excessive tearing.





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Symptoms of Glaucoma

Often no symptoms in the early stages.

Gradual loss of peripheral (side) vision.

Advanced stages: Tunnel vision or blindness.

For angle-closure glaucoma: Sudden symptoms like pain, headache, and nausea.



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Who is at Risk?

People over 40 years old.

Family history of glaucoma.

High eye pressure.

African, Hispanic, or Asian descent.

Medical conditions like diabetes or high blood pressure.

Long-term use of steroids.



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How is Glaucoma Diagnosed?

Eye Pressure Check (Tonometry): Measures the pressure inside the eye.

Optic Nerve Examination: Doctors look for damage using special tools.

Visual Field Test: Checks for blind spots in your vision.

Imaging Tests: Provides detailed pictures of the optic nerve.



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Treatment for Glaucoma

Glaucoma cannot be cured, but its progression can be slowed or stopped. Treatment options include:

1. Eye Drops: Reduce eye pressure by decreasing fluid production or improving fluid drainage.


2. Laser Therapy: Helps improve fluid drainage.


3. Surgery: Creates new drainage pathways or repairs blockages.


4. Lifestyle Adjustments: Regular check-ups, managing overall health, and protecting the eyes.




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Prevention & Tips

Get regular eye exams, especially if you're at risk.

Wear protective eyewear to avoid eye injuries.

Manage health conditions like diabetes and blood pressure.

Follow your doctor’s treatment plan if diagnosed.



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Understanding glaucoma is vital because early detection is the key to preserving vision. If you or a loved one notices vision changes or falls into a high-risk category, consult an eye doctor promptly.