Скачать или смотреть John rawls (political science) part-1 theory of justice

John Rawls was a 20th-century American philosopher best known for his work in political and moral philosophy, particularly his theory of justice as fairness. Here are the key ideas from his theories:

1. Original Position and Veil of Ignorance

Rawls proposed a thought experiment called the original position, where individuals choose principles of justice without knowing their place in society.

Behind the veil of ignorance, they don’t know their race, class, gender, abilities, etc., so they are motivated to choose fair and impartial rules.


2. Two Principles of Justice

Rawls argued that rational individuals in the original position would agree to two principles:

1. Equal Liberty Principle: Each person has an equal right to the most extensive basic liberties compatible with similar liberties for others (e.g., freedom of speech, religion, etc.).


2. Difference Principle (and Fair Equality of Opportunity):

Difference Principle: Social and economic inequalities are to be arranged so they benefit the least advantaged members of society.

Fair Equality of Opportunity: Everyone should have a fair chance to attain positions of advantage.




3. Justice as Fairness

Rawls’s overall framework is called justice as fairness, aiming for a society where institutions are structured so that everyone, especially the least well-off, is treated fairly.

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