Temporary vs. Permanent Tax Differences in Financial Accounting

This video discusses the difference between a temporary tax difference and a permanent tax difference. Tax differences arise because "book income" (income computed for financial reporting purposes, according to GAAP) is different from "tax income" (income computed for purposes of calculating the amount of corporate income tax due). Temporary tax differences reverse over time, whereas permanent tax differences never reverse. For example, the IRS allows U.S. firms to accelerate their depreciation deductions. This often results in firms front-loading the depreciation expense of an asset (taking more depreciation in the early years of the asset, and less depreciation in the later years of the asset). This difference is only temporary, however, as the same total amount of depreciation is taken for both book and tax purposes. Thus, the difference is merely one of timing, and it reverses itself over time. Permanent tax differences never reverse. An example of a permanent tax difference is the proceeds from a life insurance policy. Life insurance proceeds are not taxable so they will never appear in taxable income. Life insurance proceeds do appear in book income, however, so this creates a permanent tax difference (it does not reverse in a later period).

This video was funded by a Civic Engagement Fund grant from the Gephardt Institute for Civic and Community Engagement at Washington University in St. Louis.
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