Скачать или смотреть Roman Parthian Wars - Chapter 1.18 from the book Parthavname

Roman Parthian Wars - Chapter 1 18 from the book Parthavname
Parthia
In 36 B.C. a Roman ventured again to a campaign against the Parthians. Although this campaign was devised by Julius Caesar, he never carried it out himself because he was assassinated shortly after the plan was drawn up. In his stead, Marcus Antonius, Cleopatra's lover, took over the campaign and, for this purpose, rounded up Spanish, Armenian, Germanic, Celtic and Roman soldiers in a total number of 100,000 men - sensitized by the experienced strength of the Parthians.
The Romans marched from Zeugma to Miletene and from there to Karin. With the help of the Armenian king Artavazdes (AšP: Ardawān), who provided 6,000 cavalry and 7,000 infantry soldiers, they took the Karavan route Artaxata-Naḵǰavān-Jolfa to invade Adur-padagan. This was Artawasdes' proposal, which Mark Antony accepted. Artawasdes thought that Adur-padagan (Atropatene) was at odds with the Arsacid central government and therefore it was opportune to invade. He himself took another route, possibly the longer one via Artaxata-Hamadān. When the Roman troops reached Adurpadagan, they were met by Frahāt's Parthian horsemen and 10,000 Roman legionaries were killed in one fell swoop. The Armenian king Ardawan and his men were not involved and quickly withdrew. This fact gave rise to rumors in the Roman camp that Ardawān had set a trap for the Romans with Frahāt, but it was finally blamed on Marcus Antonius and his mismanagement.
The conflict ends in total again in a disaster for the largest empire in Europe. The Parthians, under Spahbed Barzfari, slew 12,000 of the enemy, killing another 12,000 diseases. The Romans lose with a total of about 100,000 men against around 50,000 Parthian forces. Thousands of Roman soldiers are captured and Germanic soldiers are sent by the Parthians to east Parthia, Merv, presumably to put them back into forced labor.
After the failure of the Parthian campaign, Mark Antony returned to Alexandria and was there encouraged by his beloved Cleopatra to make Artavazdes atone. Artavazdes did not respond to the Roman general's invitation and thus did not fall into the Roman's intended trap. In the year 34 BC Finally Antonius attacked Armenia. But the Romans could not hold Armenia, so conquering the Parthian Empire was to remain an unfulfilled dream of the Romans forever.

Around 20 BC The Euphrates was agreed as the border between the two powers after the fighting. In Rome, the peace negotiations are sold to the citizens as a victory. As the aftermath of the wars, western Parthia remains a battlefield. The Romans subsequently show an even stronger presence in Armenia up to the year 53. The Parthian king Walaš (Vałaršak, Vałarsakes, pet form: Vałar´š, gr: Vologaises) put his brother Tirdāt I on the throne in Armenia from the year 53, which completely changed the situation in the new Arsacid Armenia. The Romans under Nero were content with the new conditions, but in turn demanded that an official Roman oath take place. With the acceptance of this demand by all sides, a consensus emerges. This heralded the time of the Arsacid bloodline in Armenia, which was to last from the year 53, with the accession of Tirdāt I, until the year 428. This treaty ensures peace in Arsacid Armenia for about half a century.