Скачать или смотреть Heart Infection Clues You Can’t Miss! – Medical Must Knows Internal Medicine Test #4

Explanation
📌 Infective Endocarditis (IE) is an infection of the heart valves, commonly caused by:
Staphylococcus aureus (IV drug use, healthcare-associated)
Viridans streptococci (dental procedures, subacute IE)
Enterococci (GU infections, elderly patients)
Risk Factors
🩸 IV Drug Use – Right-sided endocarditis (tricuspid valve)
🫀 Prosthetic Heart Valves – High-risk for Staph epidermidis
🦷 Recent Dental Procedures – Predisposes to Viridans Streptococci
💔 Congenital Heart Disease, Rheumatic Heart Disease
Diagnosis: Duke’s Criteria
✅ Major Criteria:
Positive Blood Cultures (Typical IE organisms)
Echocardiographic Evidence (Vegetations, abscess, new valve regurgitation)
🔹 Minor Criteria:
Fever ≥38°C (100.4°F)
Vascular Signs (Janeway lesions, emboli, splinter hemorrhages)
Immunologic Signs (Osler nodes, Roth spots, glomerulonephritis)
Peripheral Manifestations
🛑 Janeway Lesions – Painless, erythematous macules on palms/soles
😖 Osler Nodes – Painful, tender nodules on fingers/toes
👁 Roth Spots – Retinal hemorrhages with pale centers
💅 Splinter Hemorrhages – Subungual hemorrhages (nonspecific)
Empiric Treatment
💊 IV Vancomycin + Gentamicin – Covers MRSA, Strep, Enterococcus
💉 Surgery – Indicated for heart failure, abscess, embolization
Major Complications
🚨 Septic Emboli – Stroke, splenic infarcts, pulmonary emboli
🫀 Heart Failure – Valve destruction → Regurgitation
References:
Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine, 21st Edition
"Infective Endocarditis: Diagnosis & Management" – NEJM, 2023
American Heart Association Guidelines
Tags: Internal Medicine, Infective Endocarditis, Cardiac Infections, Duke’s Criteria, Staphylococcus aureus, IV Drug Use, Prosthetic Valve Infection, Janeway Lesions, Osler Nodes, Roth Spots, Echocardiography, Antibiotic Therapy, USMLE, MRCP, NEET PG, PLAB, Medical Board Exams
Question:
Which of the following is a painless peripheral manifestation of infective endocarditis?
Options:
A) Osler Nodes
B) Janeway Lesions
C) Roth Spots
D) Splinter Hemorrhages
Answer:
B) Janeway Lesions
Title: Heart Infection Clues You Can’t Miss! – Medical Must Knows Internal Medicine Test #4
Field: Internal Medicine