The areca nut palm is the source of common chewing nut, popularly known as betel nut or Supari. In India, it is extensively used by large sections of people and is very much linked with religious practices. India is the largest producer of areca nut and at the same time largest consumer also. Major states cultivating this crop are Karnataka (40%), Kerala (25%), Assam (20%), Tamil Nadu, Meghalaya, and West Bengal.
Arecanut is propagated only by seeds. There are four steps in the selection and raising of areca nut seedlings viz., selection of mother palms, selection of seed nuts, germination and raising the seedlings and selection of seedlings.
The crop thrives well in humid areas protected well against the hot sun and heavy wind. Since the areca palm does not withstand either water logging or drought, the site selected should have proper drainage and an adequate source of water for irrigation. Arecanut palms cannot withstand extreme temperatures and exposure to direct sun. So the site selected should have protection from the southern and western sides. The soil depth and the depth of the water table are the other two parameters to be considered while selecting the site. The soil should be deep (preferably not less than two meters) and the water table should be sufficiently low for better root development. Aligning the rows in a north-south direction with a deviation of 35º towards the southwest lowers the incidence of sun scorch.
This depends on the rooting pattern of the crop along with the fertility and depth of the soil. The studies conducted at different places with different spacing have revealed that a spacing of 2.7 m X 2.7 m is optimum for areca nut.
In well-drained soils and in fields where proper drainage can be provided, deep planting is preferred. Deeper planting provides a firm anchorage and a larger volume of space for root development. In areas where the water table is high, shallow planting is preferred. Thus in well-drained soils, planting at a depth of 90 cm is recommended and in heavy soils planting at a depth of 60 cm is recommended.
In areas where the South-West monsoon is severe, planting in the month of September-October is recommended. In other areas planting can also be done in the months of May-June.
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Arecanut Planting Method | How to grow Arecanut Plant | Arecanut Farming
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