The Sand Creek Massacre

On November 29, 1864, between 150 and 500 peaceful Cheyenne and Arapaho people were massacred by the United States Army. Learn more at https://www.colinmustful.com/the-sand....

Check out these other resources by historian/author Colin Mustful.

Novels
Fate of the Dakota: A Novel and Resource on the U.S.- Dakota War of 1862 - https://www.amazon.com/Fate-Dakota-No...
Grace at Spirit Lake - https://www.amazon.com/Grace-Spirit-L...
Ceding Contempt: Minnesota’s Most Significant Historical Event - https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/148...
Resisting Removal: The Sandy Lake Tragedy of 1850 - https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B08...

Online Textbook
Confronting Minnesota’s Past: A Resource to Test Your Understanding on the U.S. - Dakota War of 1862 - https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B01...

Online Educational Course
The U.S. - Dakota War of 1862 - https://www.udemy.com/course/the-us-d...

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Information Sources:

“Sand Creek Massacre,” Wikipedia, Accessed June 10, 2020, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sand_Cr...

Tony Horwitz, “The Horrific Sand Creek Massacre Will Be Forgotten No More,” Smithsonian Magazine, December 2014, https://www.smithsonianmag.com/histor...

“Silas S. Soule: Two Letters Regarding the Sand Creek Massacre,” Author Kevin I. Cahill, Accessed June 10, 2020, https://www.kclonewolf.com/History/Sa...

“The Sand Creek Massacre - Captain Silas S. Soule letter to Major Edward Wynkoop regarding the massacre,” Author Kevin I. Cahill, Accessed June 10, 2020, https://www.kclonewolf.com/History/Sa...

“Pike’s Peak Gold Rush,” Wikipedia, Accessed June 10, 2020, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pike%27...

“Lean Bear,” Wikipedia, Accessed June 10, 2020, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_Bear

Image sources (in the order they appear)

Painting - The Sand Creek Massacre by Robert Lindneaux. Sourced from the National Park Service and attributed to History Colorado. https://www.nps.gov/sand/learn/news/t...

Photo - Sign depicting the Sand Creek Massacre National Historic Site. Sourced from the National Park Service at https://www.nps.gov/sand/index.htm.

Map - Federally-recognized Cheyenne and Arapaho lands from 1851-1861. Sourced from the National Park Service and originally found in the Sand Creek Massacre NHS Brochure. https://www.nps.gov/sand/learn/news/a....

Map - Routes to Denver during the Pike's Peak Gold Rush. Sourced from The History of Denver, Colorado. By Jami Steidley. https://thehistoryofdenver.wordpress.....

Painting - Indian attack on a wagon train by Charles Marion Russell. Sourced from Legends of America at https://www.legendsofamerica.com/co-p....

Painting - The Battle of Glorieta Pass by Roy Anderson. Sourced from Wikipedia at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_....

Photo - U.S. Army Colonel John Chivington. Sourced from Wikipedia at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sand_Cr....

Photo - Indian Delegation in White House Conservatory, 1863. Sourced from the Colorado Encyclopedia at https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/arti....

Sketch - The Battle of Julesburg. Sourced from Legends of America at https://www.legendsofamerica.com/co-p....

Photo - Camp Weld Conference. Sourced from Wikimedia Commons at https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi....

Painting - Black Kettle at Sand Creek. Sourced from Wikimedia Commons at https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi....

Image of Wood Engraving - The Seventh Cavalry Charging into Black Kettle's Village. Sourced from the Denver Post and attributed to Harper's Weekly. https://www.denverpost.com/2014/11/21....

Photo - Captain Silas Soule. Sourced from Wikipedia at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ca....

Painting - A depiction of one scene at Sand Creek by witness Howling Wolf. Sourced from Wikipedia at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sand_Cr....

Photo - Sand Creek Massacre Battleground Marker. Sourced from the Denver Post at https://www.denverpost.com/2014/11/28....

Photo - Sand Creek Healing sign. Sourced from Mountain Town News and attributed to Allen Best. https://mountaintownnews.net/2014/11/....

Music sourced from YouTube free audio library.