Скачать или смотреть LUNGS (official video) || ANATOMY & COMPARISON with HORSE, DOG, PIG, FOWL

LUNGS 🫁
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0:00 - Start
0:22 - Introduction
1:44 - Borders of lungs
2:53 - Base of lungs
3:13 - Apex of lungs
4:30 - Surface of lungs
5:55 - Lobes of lungs
7:34 - Blood supply
7:40 - Nerves supply
7:50 - Difference between Right and Left lung
9:00 - Horse 🏇
9:30 - Dog 🐕
10:08 - Pig 🐖
10:42 - Fowl 🐓
12:32 Thank you for watching 👍🏽

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👉 #Ox
• The lungs, the essential organs of respiration are right and left and each occupy the greater part of the thoracic cavity.
• They are accurately adapted to the walls of the cavity and the other organs contained in it. Each lung is soft, spongy and highly elastic.
• It crepitates when pressed and floats in water.
• The colour varies according to the amount of blood contained in the lung. During life, it is pink in colour.
• In dissected bodies, it is light grey in colour and slightly tinged with red.
• The average weight of lungs is 3.4 kg.
• The right lung weighs about half as much as the left one.
• The right lung is larger than the left.
• Each lung presents for description two surfaces, two borders, a base and an apex.
• The costal surface is convex and lies against the lateral wall of the thorax, it presents impressions of the ribs.
• The mediastinal surface is less extensive and molded on the mediastinum and its contents.
• The dorsal border is long, thick and rounded. The ventral border is thin and presents two deep fissures, which divide the lungs into a variable number of lobes.
• The apical lobe is divided into two parts by a deep fissure.
• The apical lobe of the right lung is much larger than that of the left lung and occupies the space in front of the pericardium, pushing the mediastinum against the left wall.
• The apical lobe of the right lung receives a special bronchus from the trachea opposite the third rib or space and is adherent to the trachea from here backward.
• The mediastinal face presents a small mediastinal or intermediate lobe.
• The base of the lung is oval in outline; its surface (diaphragmatic surface) is deeply concave, in adaptation to the thoracic surface of the diaphragm.
• Laterally and dorsally it is limited by a thin convex basal border, which fits into the narrow recess between the diaphragm and lateral chest wall.
• The apex of the lung is prismatic, narrow and flattened transversely.

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Comparison with other species.

👉 #Horse 🏇
• The lungs of the horse are not divided by deep fissures, as in case of most mammals
• The left lung consists of a chief part -the body and an apex. In addition to these, the right lung has an intermediate lobe
• The lobulation of the lung is not very evident on account of the small amount of interlobular tissue
• The trachea is not adherent to the lung
• The cardiac notch is larger in the right lung than the left
• Behind the root of the lung, the two lungs are adherent to each other on the triangular area.

👉 #Dog 🐕
• The costal surface of lungs is convex
• Lobulation is not distinct
• Interlobular fissures are deep and extend to the root
• The right lung has four lobes and left has three
• The cardiac notch is larger on the right side than on the left.

👉 #Pig 🐖
• The right lung has four lobes- apical, cardiac, diaphragmatic and intermediate
• In some cases, apical lobe is divided into two parts. Sometimes it is fused with cardiac lobe
Lobulation is distinct
• The apical bronchus is present for the right apical lobe at the level of 3 rd rib.

👉 #Fowl 🐓
• They are small and occupy the dorsal part of the thorax. They are intimately adherent to the ribs and the costal impressions are deeper
• The stem bronchus enters the ventral surface of the lung about its middle. It continues backwards through the lungs and opens into the abdominal air sacs
• Within the lungs, the stem bronchus gives off secondary bronchi, which enter the cervical, clavicular and thoracic air sacs
• Numerous tertiary bronchi radiate towards the periphery.

Air sacs of Fowl 🐓
• The air sacs are thin walled sacs lined with mucous membrane and covered by serous membrane.
• They all form a means of communication between a bronchus and the interior of some of the pneumatic bones.
• There are eleven sacs, cervical, clavicular, axillary, cranial thoracic, caudal thoracic and abdominal. All are paired except the clavicular, which is single.
• The thoracic air sac does not communicate with pneumatic bones.
• The primary function of the air sacs is to compensate for the small total capacity of the bird’s lung with the aid of respiratory muscle.
• It is playing vital role in the regulation of the body temperature.
• It also helps in even distribution of the body weight during the flight and in voice production.

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