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🏗️ Materials Needed

Cardboard (thick, sturdy pieces for the base and arms)

4–6 Syringes (10 ml or 20 ml)

Plastic tubing (to connect the syringes)

Water + a few drops of food color (for visibility)

Glue gun / Fevicol

Scissors or craft knife

Wooden sticks or straws (for reinforcement)

Tape and markers (for finishing touches)



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⚙️ Working Principle

The project works on Pascal’s Law — pressure applied to a confined fluid is transmitted equally in all directions.

When you push one syringe, water moves through the tube and pushes the piston of another syringe, moving the excavator’s arm.



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🪚 Step-by-Step Guide

1. Base Construction:
Make a stable base with cardboard. Add a rotating platform if possible using a pin or screw as an axis.


2. Boom and Arm:
Cut cardboard pieces to form the boom (upper arm) and stick (lower arm). Attach them using paper fasteners or pins to allow rotation.


3. Bucket:
Create a small bucket shape from curved cardboard pieces. Attach it to the end of the arm with a joint.


4. Hydraulic System Setup:

Attach syringes to different parts (base, boom, stick, bucket).

Connect syringes in pairs with plastic tubing filled with colored water.

One syringe acts as the controller (input), the other moves the arm (output).



5. Testing:
Push and pull the control syringes to move the excavator’s parts — boom up/down, stick extend/retract, bucket scoop/dump.


6. Decoration:
Paint your excavator yellow and black for a realistic look. Add “CAT” or “JCB” logos for fun!