How to shift control point in Tower part:43

How_to_Shift_Control_Points_from_ground_to_Upper_Floor_in_High_Rise_Buildings Part:43

Traversing definition and it's types

In the context of surveying, "traversing" refers to a method used to establish control points over a large area. These control points are critical in determining the positions of other points during the survey. Traversing involves measuring a series of connected lines (called traverse legs) between a sequence of points, known as traverse stations. The angles between the lines and the distances between the stations are measured to determine the relative positions of the points.

Types of Traversing:

1. **Open Traverse**:
In an open traverse, the survey begins at a known point and proceeds in a series of straight lines until it reaches an endpoint that is not the same as the starting point.
This type is often used for surveying long linear features such as roads, pipelines, or rivers.

2. **Closed Traverse**:
A closed traverse forms a loop, starting and ending at the same point, or at two different but known points.
This method is used when greater accuracy is required, such as in land boundary surveys, as it allows for error checking by comparing the calculated position of the closing point with its actual position.

3. **Loop Traverse**:
A loop traverse is a type of closed traverse where the survey starts at one point, creates a loop by connecting several points, and ends at the same starting point.
It is primarily used in small area surveys, like for a plot of land or a construction site.

4. **Link Traverse**:
A link traverse connects two known points that are not necessarily at the same location. It doesn't form a closed loop, but the accuracy can still be checked by comparing the calculated coordinates of the endpoint with its known coordinates.
This type is used when surveying between two established points, such as extending a survey from one area to another.

Applications of Traversing:
**Land Surveying**: Used to determine property boundaries and prepare topographical maps.
**Construction Surveying**: Establishes control points for building construction.
**Road and Highway Surveys**: Helps in laying out routes and defining right-of-way boundaries.
**Utility Surveys**: Determines the path of pipelines, electrical lines, and other utilities.

Traversing is fundamental in ensuring accurate measurements and is a reliable method for establishing control in both large and small-scale surveying projects.

سروے کے تناظر میں، "ٹریورسنگ" سے مراد وہ طریقہ ہے جو ایک بڑے علاقے پر کنٹرول پوائنٹس قائم کرنے کے لیے استعمال ہوتا ہے۔ یہ کنٹرول پوائنٹس سروے کے دوران دوسرے پوائنٹس کی پوزیشن کا تعین کرنے میں اہم ہیں۔ ٹراورسنگ میں پوائنٹس کی ایک ترتیب کے درمیان جڑی ہوئی لائنوں کی ایک سیریز (جسے ٹراورس ٹانگیں کہتے ہیں) کی پیمائش کرنا شامل ہے، جسے ٹراورس اسٹیشن کہا جاتا ہے۔ لائنوں کے درمیان زاویہ اور اسٹیشنوں کے درمیان فاصلوں کو پوائنٹس کی متعلقہ پوزیشنوں کا تعین کرنے کے لیے ناپا جاتا ہے۔

ٹراورسنگ کی اقسام:

1. **اوپن ٹراورس**:
ایک کھلے راستے میں، سروے ایک معلوم نقطہ سے شروع ہوتا ہے اور سیدھی لکیروں کی ایک سیریز میں آگے بڑھتا ہے یہاں تک کہ یہ ایک ایسے اختتامی نقطہ تک پہنچ جاتا ہے جو نقطہ آغاز جیسا نہیں ہے۔
یہ قسم اکثر لمبی لکیری خصوصیات جیسے سڑکوں، پائپ لائنوں، یا ندیوں کے سروے کے لیے استعمال ہوتی ہے۔
ہے۔


A *high-rise building* is typically defined as a structure that is significantly taller than its surroundings, often used for residential, commercial, or mixed purposes. The exact height at which a building is classified as a high-rise can vary by jurisdiction, but it is generally understood to be a building with at least 12 to 40 stories or over 35 meters (115 feet) in height. High-rise buildings are equipped with elevators and must meet specific structural and safety standards, particularly regarding fire safety, wind resistance, and earthquake resistance.
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A tower building refers to a tall structure that typically stands alone or is part of a larger complex. These buildings are characterized by their height, often having multiple floors, and are designed for various uses such as residential, commercial, or mixed purposes. In architecture, the term "tower" usually denotes a building that is significantly taller than it is wide, making it a prominent feature in the landscape. Examples include skyscrapers, office towers, and residential high-rises۔