TCP/IP Model Explained | Cisco CCNA 200-301

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What is the TCP/IP model? It's a model to standardise computer networking.

The OSI model, while widely referenced isn't used in the real world. The TCP/IP model, however, is the real deal. Thankfully, it's not all that different.

Here is the original TCP/IP model.
Application, Transport, Internet, and Link.

Just like the OSI model, it's numbered from the bottom up but the direction depends if you're sending or receiving traffic.

So this is the original TCP/IP model, but, it has been updated.
The link-layer has been split into Data Link and Physical
and the Internet Layer has been renamed the Network layer.

Layer 5: Application protocols such as HTTP, FTP, and SMTP

Layer 4: The two most common transport protocols are TCP and UDP.
Port numbers are also added here.

Layer 3: At the Network layer, we have the Internet Protocol or IP.
Routers also commonly operate at this layer

Layer 2: The data link layer contains Ethernet related protocols.
Switches usually operate at this layer. Although you can get layer 3 switches that have routing capabilities

Layer 1: Think of everything you can touch and feel here.
Things like cables, hubs and Network interface cards.

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