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when it comes to python code formatting and style checking, developers often encounter two popular tools: black and flake8. in this tutorial, we'll explore the differences between these tools, their purposes, and how to use them in your python projects. we'll also provide code examples to illustrate their usage.
black is an opinionated code formatter for python. its primary goal is to ensure consistent and readable code by automatically formatting it according to a predefined set of rules. black takes a "blackened" approach, meaning it reformats your code in a specific style without any configuration options, thus avoiding debates about code style within your development team.
flake8 is a tool that combines several python code quality and style checkers into a single tool. it checks your code against a set of coding conventions (pep8), looks for code complexity issues, and identifies potential bugs using plugins like pyflakes and mccabe. flake8 provides more flexibility in terms of configuration and allows you to enable or disable specific checks based on your project's needs.
before we proceed, make sure you have both black and flake8 installed. you can install them using pip:
let's start by using black to automatically format your python code. create a python file named example.py with the following unformatted code:
now, run black to format this code:
black will reformat your code to the following:
as you can see, black has automatically reformatted the code to conform to its style guidelines, removing unnecessary spaces and ensuring consistent code formatting.
next, let's use flake8 to check the code for style violations and potential issues. create a python file named example.py with the following code:
now, run flake8 to check this code:
flake8 will report style violations and potential issues in the code. in this case, it will report errors related to spacing and indentation:
these errors indicate areas in the code that do not conform to pep8 style guidelines ...