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📘 Class 12 Chemistry – Solid State-I
Description:

The Solid State chapter deals with the structure and properties of solids. It explains how particles are arranged in crystalline and amorphous solids, types of crystal lattices, and the basic concepts of unit cells. This part (Solid State-I) focuses mainly on the classification of solids, crystalline systems, unit cells, and packing efficiency, laying the foundation for understanding material properties.

Key Topics:

General Characteristics of Solids

Distinction between crystalline and amorphous solids

Classification of Crystalline Solids

Molecular solids (polar, non-polar, hydrogen bonded)

Ionic solids

Metallic solids

Covalent (network) solids

Crystal Lattices and Unit Cells

Definition of lattice points, unit cell

Types of unit cells: primitive and centered (body, face, end-centered)

Seven Crystal Systems

Cubic, tetragonal, orthorhombic, hexagonal, rhombohedral, monoclinic, triclinic

Packing in Solids

Close packing in one, two, and three dimensions

Simple cubic, bcc, fcc arrangements

Packing efficiency

Imperfections in Solids (Intro)

Point defects – stoichiometric, non-stoichiometric, impurity defects