Adenoids (Pharyngeal tonsils) : Etiology, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, and Treatment

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Adenoids (Pharyngeal tonsils) : Etiology, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, Treatment

Adenoids, also known as pharyngeal tonsils, are lymphoid tissue located in the nasopharynx. They play a role in the immune system but can become problematic when enlarged (adenoid hypertrophy) or infected (adenoiditis), particularly in children. Enlarged adenoids can block the airway, leading to breathing difficulties, snoring, and recurrent ear infections due to their proximity to the eustachian tubes. Adenoiditis presents with symptoms such as sore throat, difficulty swallowing, and nasal congestion or discharge. Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, with a mirror or flexible scope used to visualize the adenoids, and sometimes imaging studies or sleep studies to assess the impact on breathing. Treatment depends on the severity and may range from antibiotics for infection to corticosteroids for inflammation. In cases of significant hypertrophy affecting breathing or causing recurrent infections, adenoidectomy, the surgical removal of the adenoids, may be recommended. Understanding the etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of adenoid issues is essential for effectively managing these common pediatric conditions, ensuring proper respiratory function and reducing the risk of complications.

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