Скачать или смотреть Human environment relationship | मानव पर्यावरण संबंध। A beautiful lesson for Human - environment |

Human environment relationship. As we know from the previous section that all living organisms depend on their immediate environment for their discharge and life. If we look at the history of human civilization, two different situations are seen. The first condition is that the human being has adjusted or adapted to the existing environmental conditions. Those who could not reconcile or adapt were destroyed. Similar conditions can be observed in plants and animals also. As human civilization developed and common people developed the knowledge, skills and technology to control nature. This happened rapidly after the Renaissance and the Industrial Revolution. It improved the standard of living and made human life more convenient. However, it caused irreparable damage to the environment and threatened the survival of the human society as well as the planet Earth. Therefore , . It was understood that there should be a balance between development and conservation of nature. This approach is best expressed as 'sustainable development', which we will discuss in detail in the next section. But now, we discuss the various approaches to the human-environment relationship, i.e. determinism, possibilism and environmentalism. Determinism This concept was developed by the German geographer Friedrich Razel, which was later expanded upon by Ellsworth Huntington. This approach is based on the concept of 'nature controls man' or 'earth created man'. It is also called environmental determinism. According to this approach man is largely influenced by nature. In fact, determinism states that man is subject to the natural environment because all aspects of human life, such as physical (health and well-being), social, economic, political, moral and aesthetic, not only depend on the physical environment but are effectively controlled by it. are controlled. Possibilityism This term was given by the French historian, Lucien Favre. The approach of possiblism in the study of human-environment relations is a branch of criticism of environmental determinism. The development of such human-environment relationship is influenced by the advancement of science and technology. Possibilityism states that the physical environment is passive and that man is an active agent, free to choose between a wide range of environmental possibilities. According to it, the pattern of human activity is the result of the initiative and mobility of man operating in the natural framework. However, it was agreed upon by the possiblists that man does not have the ability to completely subdue nature, nor can he always conquer it. As a result, some geographers have asserted a 'cooperation with nature' or an interaction between man and the environment. Environmentalism or ecological approach This approach is based on the fundamental principle of ecology, which is the study of interactions between an organism and its physical environment on the one hand and between organisms in an ecosystem on the other. In this approach man is described as an integral part of nature or environment. Man, being the most efficient and intelligent, has an important role to play in keeping the natural environment as productive and healthy as it should be. This approach emphasizes the judicious and limited use of natural resources and gives importance to appropriate environmental management programmes, policies and strategies, taking into account certain fundamental principles of ecology, to replenish the already depleting natural resources and Maintain the health and productivity of nature. The ecological approach best reflects the concept of sustainable development, which we will discuss in the next section.