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There are four standard integer types
short
int
long
long long

The precise range of values re-presentable by a signed integer type depends not only on the number of bits used in the representation but also on the encoding techniques.

The most common binary encoding techniques for integers is called 2's compliment notation in which a signed integer represented with n bits will have a range from

(-2^n-1) through (2^n-1 - 1) encoded in the following fashion:

1. The left-most bit is the sign bit. If the sign bit is 1, the number is negative; otherwise the number is positive.

2. To negate an integer, complement all bits in the word and then add 1 to the result

3. The maximum negative value (-2^n-1), has no positive equivalent: negating this value produces the same value

Other binary integer encoding techniques are 1's complement notation, in which negation simply complements all bits of the word and sign magnitude notation, in which negation involves simply complementing the sign bit.

In C89, information about the representation of integer types is provided in the header file limits.h

In C99, the files stdint.h and inttypes.h contain additional information.

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