Скачать или смотреть The Wars Over Nagorno-Karabakh Explained

Nagorno-Karabakh — a small region, but the heart of one of the bloodiest modern conflicts. Armenia and Azerbaijan fought brutal wars for control, and even today, the peace remains fragile. Could history repeat itself?

🌍 Background

Nagorno-Karabakh is a mountainous enclave in the South Caucasus. Though internationally recognized as part of Azerbaijan, its population has historically been majority ethnic Armenian. This overlapping of borders, history, and identity created one of the most bitter conflicts after the collapse of the Soviet Union.

⚔️ First Nagorno-Karabakh War (1988–1994)

As the Soviet Union weakened, Armenians in Nagorno-Karabakh demanded unification with Armenia.

Clashes escalated into a full-scale war between newly independent Armenia and Azerbaijan.

Supported by Armenia and the Armenian diaspora, local Armenian forces gained the upper hand.

By 1994, Armenians controlled most of Nagorno-Karabakh and surrounding Azerbaijani districts.

Casualties: ~30,000 killed and over a million displaced.

🔥 The Frozen Conflict (1994–2020)

A Russian-brokered ceasefire ended the war, but no permanent peace was made.

Skirmishes and sniper fire remained common along the ceasefire line.

Nagorno-Karabakh declared independence as the “Republic of Artsakh,” but it was never internationally recognized.

⚔️ Second Nagorno-Karabakh War (2020)

In September 2020, Azerbaijan launched a large-scale offensive, heavily supported by Turkish drones, modern artillery, and Israeli technology.

After 44 days of brutal fighting, Azerbaijan recaptured much of the territory lost in the 1990s, including the strategic city of Shusha.

A Russian-brokered ceasefire forced Armenia to withdraw from surrounding districts, while Russian peacekeepers entered the region.

Casualties: ~6,500 killed in less than two months.

⚡ Renewed Clashes (2022–2023)

Despite the ceasefire, tensions remained high.

In 2023, Azerbaijan launched a lightning offensive, retaking Nagorno-Karabakh entirely.

The self-proclaimed Republic of Artsakh announced it would dissolve by 2024, marking the effective end of Armenian control after three decades.

🌐 Why It Matters

The conflict shows how ethnic identity, history, and geopolitics collide.

It drew in regional powers: Russia, Turkey, Iran, and Israel all had stakes.

It reshaped the South Caucasus balance of power and left deep wounds between Armenians and Azerbaijanis.

Even now, the region remains fragile — and many fear the cycle of war could return.

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⚔️ The Nagorno-Karabakh wars prove that history still shapes our present.
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